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- Title
FoxO transcription factors modulate autophagy and proteoglycan 4 in cartilage homeostasis and osteoarthritis.
- Authors
Matsuzaki, Tokio; Alvarez-Garcia, Oscar; Mokuda, Sho; Nagira, Keita; Olmer, Merissa; Gamini, Ramya; Miyata, Kohei; Akasaki, Yukio; Su, Andrew I.; Asahara, Hiroshi; Lotz, Martin K.
- Abstract
FoxO play a key role in postnatal cartilage development, maturation, homeostasis, and osteoarthritis pathogenesis. Clever as a FoxO: FoxO proteins are transcription factors that regulate autophagy, metabolism, and aging. Matsuzaki et al. investigated the role of different FoxO in cartilage development, homeostasis, and degeneration during osteoarthritis. Cartilage was thicker and chondrocytes were more proliferative in young mice lacking FoxO1/3/4 in cartilage. Chondrocyte-specific FoxO-deficient mice exhibited worse arthritis with aging and increased cartilage degradation in response to surgically induced arthritis; they also expressed less lubricin, a protein that helps reduce friction in joints. FoxO1 and autophagy-related genes were reduced in human chondrocytes from patients with osteoarthritis, and restoring FoxO1 expression reduced inflammatory cytokines and up-regulated lubricin. This study suggests that FoxO factors could be targets for therapy in osteoarthritis. Aging is a main risk factor for osteoarthritis (OA). FoxO transcription factors protect against cellular and organismal aging, and FoxO expression in cartilage is reduced with aging and in OA. To investigate the role of FoxO in cartilage, Col2Cre-FoxO1, 3, and 4 single knockout (KO) and triple KO mice (Col2Cre-TKO) were analyzed. Articular cartilage in Col2Cre-TKO and Col2Cre-FoxO1 KO mice was thicker than in control mice at 1 or 2 months of age. This was associated with increased proliferation of chondrocytes of Col2Cre-TKO mice in vivo and in vitro. OA-like changes developed in cartilage, synovium, and subchondral bone between 4 and 6 months of age in Col2Cre-TKO and Col2Cre-FoxO1 KO mice. Col2Cre-FoxO3 and FoxO4 KO mice showed no cartilage abnormalities until 18 months of age when Col2Cre-FoxO3 KO mice had more severe OA than control mice. Autophagy and antioxidant defense genes were reduced in Col2Cre-TKO mice. Deletion of FoxO1/3/4 in mature mice using Aggrecan(Acan)-CreERT2 (AcanCreERT-TKO) also led to spontaneous cartilage degradation and increased OA severity in a surgical model or treadmill running. The superficial zone of knee articular cartilage of Col2Cre-TKO and AcanCreERT-TKO mice exhibited reduced cell density and markedly decreased Prg4. In vitro, ectopic FoxO1 expression increased Prg4 and synergized with transforming growth factor–β stimulation. In OA chondrocytes, overexpression of FoxO1 reduced inflammatory mediators and cartilage-degrading enzymes, increased protective genes, and antagonized interleukin-1β effects. Our observations suggest that FoxO play a key role in postnatal cartilage development, maturation, and homeostasis and protect against OA-associated cartilage damage.
- Subjects
TRANSCRIPTION factors; AUTOPHAGY; CARTILAGE; HOMEOSTASIS; OSTEOARTHRITIS
- Publication
Science Translational Medicine, 2018, Vol 10, Issue 428, p1
- ISSN
1946-6234
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1126/scitranslmed.aan0746