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- Title
Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy and ADHD: A Comprehensive Clinical and Neurocognitive Characterization.
- Authors
Thakur, Geeta A.; Sengupta, Sarojini M.; Grizenko, Natalie; Schmitz, Norbert; Pagé, Véronique; Joober, Ridha
- Abstract
Introduction: Evidence from epidemiological studies has consistently shown an association between maternal smoking during pregnancy (MSDP) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The objective of this study is to test the hypothesis that children with ADHD exposed to MSDP show a distinctive clinical and neurocognitive profile when compared with unexposed children. Methods: Four hundred and thirty-six children diagnosed with ADHD were stratified by exposure to MSDP and compared with regard to severity of illness, comorbidity, IQ, and executive function as assessed by a battery of neuropsychological tests. All comparisons were adjusted for socioeconomic status, ethnicity, mother’s age at child’s birth, and maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy. Results: Exposed children had more severe behavioral problems with greater externalizing symptoms and more conduct and oppositional defiant disorder items, lower verbal IQ, and a sluggish cognitive profile on the Continuous Performance Test (CPT). Linear regression analyses revealed a dose-response relationship between the average number of cigarettes smoked per day during pregnancy and verbal IQ, CPT omission errors T score and several other clinical variables. Conclusions: These results suggest that MSDP is associated with a more severe form of ADHD, characterized by more severe clinical manifestations and poorer neuropsychological performance. This phenotypic signature associated with MSDP may help to identify a more homogenous subgroup of children with ADHD.
- Subjects
WOMEN'S tobacco use; PREGNANT women; ATTENTION-deficit hyperactivity disorder; CLINICAL trials; COGNITION; EPIDEMIOLOGY education; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL tests; ALCOHOL drinking
- Publication
Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 2013, Vol 15, Issue 1, p149
- ISSN
1462-2203
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1093/ntr/nts102