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- Title
Metabolic risks of neonates at birth following in utero exposure to HIV-ART: the amino acid profile of cord blood.
- Authors
Moutloatse, Gontse; Schoeman, Johannes; Lindeque, Zander; Reenen, Mari; Hankemeier, Thomas; Bunders, Madeleine; Reinecke, Carolus
- Abstract
Introduction: Untargeted metabolomics of cord blood indicated that antiretroviral therapy to HIV-infected mothers (HIV-ART) did not compromise the exposed neonates with regard to the stress of neonatal hypoglycaemia at birth. However, identified biomarkers reflected stress in their energy metabolism, raising concern over developmental risks in some newborns exposed to ART. Objectives: This study addresses the concern over HIV-ART-induced metabolic perturbations by expanding the metabolomics study to the amino acid profiles in cord blood collected at birth from newborns either exposed or unexposed to HIV-ART in utero. Methods: Amino acid profiles derived from liquid chromatographic triple quadruple spectra of cord blood from neonates exposed and unexposed to HIV-ART (cohort 1) were investigated using a metabolomics approach. Amino acid data, generated by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry from similar cases (cohort 2), were included for comparison. Results: Multivariate and supporting statistics indicated differentiation between the exposed and unexposed neonates in both cohorts, caused by a general decrease or downregulation of amino acid concentrations in the cord blood samples from the exposed cases. Specifically, significant upregulation of aspartic acid in both cohorts and downregulation of arginine, and of threonine, tryptophan and lysine in cohorts 1 and 2, respectively, were observed. Conclusions: The benefits of ART for HIV-infected pregnant women are well established. However, the amino acid profile of cord blood, obtained from the two independent cohorts, adds to observed metabolic risks of in utero HIV-ART-exposed newborns. These risks could potentially have adverse consequences for the future health of some exposed infants.
- Subjects
THERAPEUTICS; HIV infections; HIV-positive persons; CORD blood; ANTIRETROVIRAL agents; METABOLOMICS
- Publication
Metabolomics, 2017, Vol 13, Issue 8, p1
- ISSN
1573-3882
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s11306-017-1222-y