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- Title
Fluoride Removal from Water by Using Green Magnetic Activated Carbon Derived from Canola Stalks.
- Authors
Kyzas, George Z.; Tolkou, Athanasia K.; Al Musawi, Tariq J.; Mengelizadeh, Nezamaddin; Mohebi, Samaneh; Balarak, Davoud
- Abstract
The aim of this study was to synthesize activated carbon from canola stalks and then magnetize it with Fe3O4 (ACCS-Fe3O4) nanoparticles and evaluate it to remove fluoride (F−) from water. First, the used adsorbent was analyzed and characterized using advanced techniques. Then, the influence of important parameters as the pH, initial fluoride concentration, adsorbent's dose, contact time, and temperature was investigated. The adsorption isotherms of Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin -Radushkevic (D-R) were analyzed in both linear and nonlinear forms using four error coefficients (SSE, HYDRID, X2, and MSPD). Langmuir isotherm was found to be the best-fitted model in both linear and nonlinear forms due to its high regression coefficient and lower error coefficient. The results showed that the removal efficiency increased with increasing contact time, adsorbent's dose, and temperature, but decreased with increasing fluoride concentration and pH. Adsorbent recovery and reuse were studied and the results showed that only 8% reduction in efficiency was observed after six sequential cycles, which indicates the high performance of the adsorbent after recovery. It was also found that the adsorption of fluoride ions on ACCS-Fe3O4 was endothermic (ΔH0 = 69.38 kJ/mol) and spontaneous (ΔG0 = − 2.78–10.31 kJ/mol) process. The adsorption process was better described by fitting to the pseudo-second order kinetic model (PSO). Fluoride adsorption is controlled by all three models of bulk diffusion, film diffusion, and pore diffusion.
- Subjects
ACTIVATED carbon; WATER use; ADSORPTION isotherms; LANGMUIR isotherms; KIRKENDALL effect; CANOLA
- Publication
Water, Air & Soil Pollution, 2022, Vol 233, Issue 10, p1
- ISSN
0049-6979
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s11270-022-05900-6