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- Title
Organokines in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Critical Review.
- Authors
Laurindo, Lucas Fornari; de Maio, Mariana Canevari; Barbalho, Sandra Maria; Guiguer, Elen Landgraf; Araújo, Adriano Cressoni; de Alvares Goulart, Ricardo; Flato, Uri Adrian Prync; Júnior, Edgar Baldi; Detregiachi, Cláudia Rucco Penteado; dos Santos Haber, Jesselina Francisco; Bueno, Patrícia C. Santos; Girio, Raul S. J.; Eleutério, Rachel Gomes; Bechara, Marcelo Dib
- Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease that primarily affects the joints. Organokines can produce beneficial or harmful effects in this condition. Among RA patients, organokines have been associated with increased inflammation and cartilage degradation due to augmented cytokines and metalloproteinases production, respectively. This study aimed to perform a review to investigate the role of adipokines, osteokines, myokines, and hepatokines on RA progression. PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, and Cochrane were searched, and 18 studies were selected, comprising more than 17,000 RA patients. Changes in the pattern of organokines secretion were identified, and these could directly or indirectly contribute to aggravating RA, promoting articular alterations, and predicting the disease activity. In addition, organokines have been implicated in higher radiographic damage, immune dysregulation, and angiogenesis. These can also act as RA potent regulators of cells proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis, controlling osteoclasts, chondrocytes, and fibroblasts as well as immune cells chemotaxis to RA sites. Although much is already known, much more is still unknown, principally about the roles of organokines in the occurrence of RA extra-articular manifestations.
- Subjects
RHEUMATOID arthritis; CARTILAGE cells; AUTOIMMUNE diseases; CHEMOTAXIS; ADIPOKINES; METALLOPROTEINASES; CELL proliferation
- Publication
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2022, Vol 23, Issue 11, p6193
- ISSN
1661-6596
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/ijms23116193