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- Title
A haptic-feedback virtual reality system to improve the Box and Block Test (BBT) for upper extremity motor function assessment.
- Authors
Dong, Ying; Liu, Xiaoyu; Tang, Min; Huo, Hongqiang; Chen, Duo; Wu, Zhixin; An, Ran; Fan, Yubo
- Abstract
The Box and Block Test (BBT) has been widely used to assess gross upper extremity (UE) motor function. We designed a haptic-feedback virtual reality (VR) system, named the VBBT, to improve the BBT for more specific assessments. The VBBT task required users to move virtual blocks from one compartment of a virtual box to the other within one minute. The focus of this pilot study was to examine the validity, reliability and motivation of the novel assessment. Totally, 113 healthy subjects and 16 post-stroke patients were recruited for a thorough evaluation. We found that scores of the BBT and VBBT were significantly correlated, both of which declined as participants' age. The normative ranges of kinematic metrics in different age groups were used to identify deficiencies in UE motor function involving smoothness, hand dexterity and motion efficiency. Also, a significant correlation between the VBBT and Action Research Arm Test (ARAT) (|r|≥ 0.56) indicated concurrent validity of the novel assessment. Test–retest results indicated that the VBBT assessment had high reliability (ICCs = 0.62–0.80). The Intrinsic Motivation Inventory results showed that the VBBT was given higher scores for the enjoyment (p < 0.05) and completion effort (p < 0.05) than that for the BBT, indicating patients have greater motivation in the VBBT assessment. In conclusion, the VBBT can provide validated, reliable and motivative assessment for UE motor function with kinematic metrics. It suggests that the haptic-feedback VR contributes to the BBT in specific assessments of UE motor function.
- Subjects
VIRTUAL reality; FORELIMB; FUNCTIONAL assessment; INTRINSIC motivation; TEST validity; ARM
- Publication
Virtual Reality, 2023, Vol 27, Issue 2, p1199
- ISSN
1359-4338
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s10055-022-00727-2