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- Title
Development of the General Parenting Observational Scale to assess parenting during family meals.
- Authors
Kyung E. Rhee; Dickstein, Susan; Jelalian, Elissa; Boutelle, Kerri; Seifer, Ronald; Rena Wing
- Abstract
Background: There is growing interest in the relationship between general parenting and childhood obesity. However, assessing general parenting via surveys can be difficult due to issues with self-report and differences in the underlying constructs being measured. As a result, different aspects of parenting have been associated with obesity risk. We developed a more objective tool to assess general parenting by using observational methods during a mealtime interaction. Methods: The General Parenting Observational Scale (GPOS) was based on prior work of Baumrind, Maccoby and Martin, Barber, and Slater and Power. Ten dimensions of parenting were included; 4 were classified in the emotional dimension of parenting (warmth and affection, support and sensitivity, negative affect, detachment), and 6 were classified in the behavioral dimension of parenting (firm discipline and structure, demands for maturity, psychological control, physical control, permissiveness, neglect). Overweight children age 8-12 years old and their parent (n = 44 dyads) entering a weight control program were videotaped eating a family meal. Parents were coded for their general parenting behaviors. The Mealtime Family Interaction Coding System(MICS) and several self-report measures of general parenting were also used to assess the parent-child interaction. Spearman's correlations were used to assess correlation between measures. Results: The emotional dimensions of warmth/affection and support/sensitivity, and the behavioral dimension of firm discipline/structure were robustly captured during the family meals. Warmth/affection and support/sensitivity were significantly correlated with affect management, interpersonal involvement, and communication from the MICS. Firm discipline/structure was inversely correlated with affect management, behavior control, and task accomplishment. Parents who were older, with higher educational status, and lower BMIs were more likely to display warmth/affection and support/sensitivity. Conclusion: Several general parenting dimensions from the GPOS were highly correlated with similar family functioning constructs from the MICS. This new observational tool appears to be a valid means of assessing general parenting behaviors during mealtimes and adds to our ability to measure parent-level factors affecting child weight-related outcomes. Future evaluation of this tool in a broader range of the population and other family settings should be conducted.
- Subjects
CALIFORNIA; RHODE Island; CONTROL (Psychology); AFFECT (Psychology); AGE distribution; DISCIPLINE of children; EXPERIMENTAL design; INGESTION; RESEARCH methodology; CHILDHOOD obesity; SCIENTIFIC observation; PARENT-child relationships; PARENTING; RESEARCH funding; SELF-evaluation; STATISTICS; VIDEO recording; DATA analysis; FAMILY relations; SOCIAL support; SOCIOECONOMIC factors; EDUCATIONAL attainment; BODY mass index; INTER-observer reliability; HUMAN research subjects; PATIENT selection; RESEARCH methodology evaluation; DESCRIPTIVE statistics
- Publication
International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition & Physical Activity, 2015, Vol 12, p1
- ISSN
1479-5868
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1186/s12966-015-0207-3