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- Title
Effects of Remote Ischaemic Preconditioning on the Internal Thoracic Artery Nitric Oxide Synthase Isoforms in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting.
- Authors
Jankovic, Aleksandra; Zakic, Tamara; Milicic, Miroslav; Unic-Stojanovic, Dragana; Kalezic, Andjelika; Korac, Aleksandra; Jovic, Miomir; Korac, Bato
- Abstract
Remote ischaemic preconditioning (RIPC) is a medical procedure that consists of repeated brief periods of transient ischaemia and reperfusion of distant organs (limbs) with the ability to provide internal organ protection from ischaemia. Even though RIPC has been successfully applied in patients with myocardial infarction during coronary revascularization (surgery/percutaneous angioplasty), the underlying molecular mechanisms are yet to be clarified. Thus, our study aimed to determine the role of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoforms in RIPC-induced protection (3 × 5 min of forearm ischaemia with 5 min of reperfusion) of arterial graft in patients undergoing urgent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). We examined RIPC effects on specific expression and immunolocalization of three NOS isoforms — endothelial (eNOS), inducible (iNOS) and neuronal (nNOS) in patients' internal thoracic artery (ITA) used as a graft. We found that the application of RIPC protocol leads to an increased protein expression of eNOS, which was further confirmed with strong eNOS immunopositivity, especially in the endothelium and smooth muscle cells of ITA. The same analysis of two other NOS isoforms, iNOS and nNOS, showed no significant differences between patients undergoing CABG with or without RIPC. Our results demonstrate RIPC-induced upregulation of eNOS in human ITA, pointing to its significance in achieving protective phenotype on a systemic level with important implications for graft patency.
- Subjects
CORONARY artery bypass; INTERNAL thoracic artery; NITRIC-oxide synthases; ISCHEMIC preconditioning; ARTERIAL grafts
- Publication
Antioxidants, 2021, Vol 10, Issue 12, p1910
- ISSN
2076-3921
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/antiox10121910