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- Title
Potential Contribution of Adipose Tissue to Elevated Serum Cystatin C in Human Obesity.
- Authors
Naour, Nadia; Fellahi, Soraya; Renucci, Jean-François; Poitou, Christine; Rouault, Christine; Basdevant, Arnaud; Dutour, Anne; Alessi, Marie-Christine; Bastard, Jean-Philippe; Clément, Karine; Guerre-Millo, Michèle
- Abstract
Cystatin C, an endogenous inhibitor of cathepsin proteases has emerged as a biomarker of cardiovascular risk and reduced renal function. Epidemiological studies indicate that serum cystatin C increased in human obesity. Here, we evaluated the contribution of adipose tissue to this elevation, based on our previous observation that cystatin C is produced by in vitro differentiated human adipocytes. We measured serum cystatin C in 237 nonobese (age: 51 ± 0.8 years; BMI: 22.8 ± 0.11 kg/m2) and 248 obese subjects (age: 50 ± 0.8 years; BMI: 34.7 ± 0.29 kg/m2). Creatinine-based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated to account for renal status. Cystatin C gene expression and secretion were determined on surgical adipose tissue biopsies in a distinct group of subjects. Serum cystatin C is elevated in obese subjects of both genders, independently of reduced eGFR. Cystatin C mRNA is expressed in subcutaneous and omental adipose tissue, at twice higher levels in nonadipose than in adipose cells. Gene expression and cystatin C release by adipose tissue explants increase two- to threefold in obesity. These data confirm elevation of serum cystatin C in human obesity and strongly argue for a contribution of increased production of cystatin C by enlarged adipose tissue. Because cystatin C has the potential to affect adipose tissue and vascular homeostasis through local and/or systemic inhibition of cathepsins, this study adds a new factor to the list of adipose tissue secreted bioactive molecules implicated in obesity and obesity-linked complications.
- Subjects
CYSTATINS; CARDIOVASCULAR diseases; KIDNEY diseases; ADIPOSE tissues; GLOMERULAR filtration rate
- Publication
Obesity (19307381), 2009, Vol 17, Issue 12, p2121
- ISSN
1930-7381
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1038/oby.2009.96