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- Title
Midlife Vascular Factors and Prevalence of Mild Cognitive Impairment in Late-Life in Mexico.
- Authors
Arce Rentería, Miguel; Manly, Jennifer J.; Vonk, Jet M.J.; Mejia Arango, Silvia; Michaels Obregon, Alejandra; Samper-Ternent, Rafael; Wong, Rebeca; Barral, Sandra; Tosto, Giuseppe
- Abstract
Objective: To estimate the prevalence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and its subtypes and investigate the impact of midlife cardiovascular risk factors on late-life MCI among the aging Mexican population. Method: Analyses included a sample of non-demented adults over the age of 55 living in both urban and rural areas of Mexico (N = 1807). MCI diagnosis was assigned based on a comprehensive cognitive assessment assessing the domains of memory, executive functioning, language, and visuospatial ability. The normative sample was selected by means of the robust norms approach. Cognitive impairment was defined by a 1.5-SD cut-off per cognitive domain using normative corrections for age, years of education, and sex. Risk factors included age, education, sex, rurality, depression, insurance status, workforce status, hypertension, diabetes, stroke, and heart disease. Results: The prevalence of amnestic MCI was 5.9%. Other MCI subtypes ranged from 4.2% to 7.7%. MCI with and without memory impairment was associated with older age (OR = 1.01 [1.01, 1.05]; OR = 1.03 [1.01, 1.04], respectively) and residing in rural areas (OR = 1.49 [1.08, 2.06]; OR = 1.35 [1.03, 1.77], respectively). Depression (OR = 1.07 [1.02, 1.12]), diabetes (OR = 1.37 [1.03, 1.82]), and years of education (OR = 0.94 [0.91, 0.97]) were associated with MCI without memory impairment. Midlife CVD increased the odds of MCI in late-life (OR = 1.76 [1.19, 2.59], which was driven by both midlife hypertension and diabetes (OR = 1.70 [1.18, 2.44]; OR = 1.88 [1.19, 2.97], respectively). Conclusions: Older age, depression, low education, rurality, and midlife hypertension and diabetes were associated with higher risk of late-life MCI among older adults in Mexico. Our findings suggest that the causes of cognitive impairment are multifactorial and vary by MCI subtype.
- Subjects
MEXICO; MEXICO City (Mexico); MIDDLE age; EXECUTIVE function; OLDER people; CARDIOVASCULAR diseases risk factors; COGNITION disorders; MILD cognitive impairment
- Publication
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 2022, Vol 28, Issue 4, p351
- ISSN
1355-6177
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1017/S1355617721000539