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- Title
Akutni poremećaj svijesti.
- Authors
Meštrović, Marija; Runjić, Edita
- Abstract
Disturbances of consciousness in children can be caused by various disorders, from hypoglycemia to traumatic intracranial hemorrhages. The duration of periods of impaired consciousness varies from less than a minute, such as syncope, days and weeks, to a lifetime of disordered consciousness in certain patients, such as a minimally conscious state or a persistent vegetative state. A knowledge of neuroanatomy and its skilful application enables properly differentiating between these states and recognizing their causes. The ascending reticular activating system of the brainstem, the main pathway regulating wakefulness and sleep, lies in close proximity to certain nuclei whose function can be clinically tested even in unconscious patients, allowing for localization of a potential focal lesion and assessment of damage. Neuroimaging, laboratory testing and electrophysiological studies can further identify different levels and causes of consciousness disorders. This paper aims to give a brief overview of the causes of disorders of consciousness, the pathophysiology of the damage they cause, the specifics of the clinical presentation that can be used to differentiate between them, and the basic principles of the diagnostic and therapeutic approach to a child with an acute disorder of the state of consciousness.
- Subjects
PERSISTENT vegetative state; RETICULAR formation; CONSCIOUSNESS disorders; SYMPTOMS; SYNCOPE; WAKEFULNESS; HYPNOTISM
- Publication
Lijecnicki Vjesnik, 2023, Vol 145, p226
- ISSN
0024-3477
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.26800/LV-145-supl1-33