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- Title
Association of High-Dose Vitamin D Supplementation During Pregnancy With the Risk of Enamel Defects in Offspring: A 6-Year Follow-up of a Randomized Clinical Trial.
- Authors
Nørrisgaard, Pia Elisabeth; Haubek, Dorte; Kühnisch, Jan; Chawes, Bo Lund; Stokholm, Jakob; Bønnelykke, Klaus; Bisgaard, Hans
- Abstract
Key Points: Question: Is high-dose vitamin D supplementation during the third trimester of pregnancy associated with long-term dental health during childhood? Findings: In a 6-year follow-up of a double-blind randomized clinical trial that included 623 pregnant women, high-dose vitamin D supplementation during third trimester was associated with reduced odds of enamel defects in the offspring by approximately 50%. No associations with caries were observed. Meaning: Prenatal high-dose vitamin D supplementation may be a clinically relevant preventive intervention for enamel defects. Importance: Enamel defects of developmental origin affect up to 38% of schoolchildren and is recognized as a global public health challenge. The impaired enamel formation results in pain owing to hypersensitivity, posteruptive breakdowns, rapid caries progression, and extractions in some cases. The etiology is unknown; therefore, prevention is currently not possible. Objective: To assess the association of a high-dose vitamin D supplementation in pregnant women with enamel defects and caries in their offspring. Design, Setting, and Participants: Post hoc analysis of a double-blind, single-center, randomized clinical trial, the Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood 2010 cohort (COPSAC2010). Enrollment began March 2009 and included 623 women recruited at 24 weeks of pregnancy and 588 of their children. A dental examination was completed at age 6 years in 496 of 588 children (84%). Data were analyzed in 2018. Intervention: High-dose vitamin D3 (2400 IU/d; N = 315) or matching placebo tablets (N = 308) from pregnancy week 24 to 1 week post partum. In addition, all women received 400 IU/d of vitamin D3 as part of standard care. Main Outcomes and Measures: Enamel defect was defined as having at least 1 molar affected by demarcated opacity, enamel breakdown, and/or atypical restoration. Caries was defined as decayed, missing, or filled surfaces in both the deciduous and permanent dentitions (World Health Organization standard). Results: The risk of enamel defects in the permanent dentition was lower in the offspring of mothers who received high-dose vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy compared with standard dose (15.1% [n = 26 of 172] vs 27.5% [n = 44 of 160]; odds ratio, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.27-0.81). A similar association was observed for the deciduous dentition (8.6% [n = 21 of 244] vs 15.9% [n = 40 of 252]; odds ratio, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.28-0.87). There was no association between supplementation and caries. Conclusions and Relevance: High-dose vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy was associated with approximately 50% reduced odds of enamel defects in the offspring. This suggests prenatal vitamin D supplementation as a preventive intervention for enamel defects, with a clinically important association with dental health. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00856947 This secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial assesses the association of a high-dose vitamin D supplementation in pregnant women with enamel defects and caries in their offspring.
- Subjects
DENTAL pathology; CONFIDENCE intervals; DENTAL caries; DENTAL enamel; DIETARY supplements; PHYSICAL diagnosis; RISK assessment; STATISTICS; VITAMIN D; DATA analysis; SECONDARY analysis; DECIDUOUS dentition (Tooth development); ODDS ratio; CHILDREN; PREGNANCY; DISEASE risk factors
- Publication
JAMA Pediatrics, 2019, Vol 173, Issue 10, p924
- ISSN
2168-6203
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.2545