We found a match
Your institution may have access to this item. Find your institution then sign in to continue.
- Title
Duration of Immunity and Effectiveness of Diphtheria-Tetanus–Acellular Pertussis Vaccines in Children.
- Authors
Domenech de Cellès, Matthieu; Rohani, Pejman; King, Aaron A.
- Abstract
Importance: The United States has experienced a nationwide resurgence of pertussis since the mid-1970s, despite high estimated vaccine coverage. Short-lived immunity induced by diphtheria-tetanus–acellular pertussis (DTaP) vaccines in young children is widely believed to be responsible for this growing burden, but the duration of protection conferred by DTaP vaccines remains incompletely quantified. Objective: To assess the duration of immunity and the effectiveness of DTaP vaccines in US children. Design, Setting, and Participants: A mathematical, age-structured model of pertussis transmission, previously validated empirically on incidence data in Massachusetts, was used in this simulation study to assess the duration of DTaP immunity most consistent with the empirical values of the relative increase in the odds of acquiring pertussis from recent epidemiologic studies in the United States. The study included 5 simulated cohorts of children born between January 1, 2001, and December 31, 2005, followed up between the ages of 5 and 9 years (study period, January 1, 2006, to December 31, 2014). Statistical analysis was performed from May 1 to December 1, 2017. Interventions: Vaccination with DTaP according to the US immunization schedule, with a range of assumptions regarding the degree of waning immunity. Main Outcomes and Measures: Vaccine effectiveness and relative change in the odds of acquiring pertussis (odds ratio) in children aged 5 to 9 years, duration of DTaP immunity, and vaccine population-level impact. Results: This study found a marked association between the degree of waning immunity, vaccine effectiveness, and the odds ratio. Counterintuitively, the odds ratio was positively associated with vaccine effectiveness, as a consequence of nonlinear, age-assortative transmission dynamics. Based on the empirical odds ratios (1.33; 95% CI, 1.23-1.43), it was estimated that vaccine effectiveness exceeded 75% in children aged 5 to 9 years and that more than 65% of children remained immune to pertussis 5 years after the last DTaP dose. Conclusions and Relevance: The results of this study suggest that temporal trends in the odds of acquiring pertussis are an unreliable measure of the durability of vaccine-induced protection. They further demonstrate that DTaP vaccines confer imperfect, but long-lived protection. Control strategies should be based on the best available estimates of vaccine properties and the age structure of the transmission network. This simulation study assesses the duration of immunity and the effectiveness of diphtheria-tetanus–acellular pertussis vaccines in US children. Key Points: Question: How are trends in the odds of acquiring pertussis related to the effectiveness and durability of vaccine protection? Findings: This simulation study used a previously validated mathematical model of pertussis transmission to systematically explore a range of hypotheses about the degree of waning immunity conferred by the diphtheria-tetanus–acellular pertussis vaccine. Based on metrics documented in epidemiologic studies in the United States, it was estimated that vaccine effectiveness exceeded 75% in children aged 5 to 9 years. Meaning: These results suggest that the diphtheria-tetanus–acellular pertussis vaccine confers imperfect, but long-lived, protection.
- Subjects
MASSACHUSETTS; UNITED States; WHOOPING cough; DPT vaccines; CONFIDENCE intervals; IMMUNITY; IMMUNIZATION; LONGITUDINAL method; MEDICAL protocols; STATISTICS; DATA analysis; TREATMENT effectiveness; DISEASE incidence; ODDS ratio; CHILDREN; INFECTIOUS disease transmission; PREVENTION; VACCINES
- Publication
JAMA Pediatrics, 2019, Vol 173, Issue 6, p588
- ISSN
2168-6203
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.0711