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- Title
Metabolic and Lifestyle Predictors of Ischemic Heart Disease and All-Cause Mortality Among Normal Weight, Overweight, and Obese Men: A 16-Year Follow-up in the Copenhagen Male Study.
- Authors
Poul Suadicani; Hans Ole Hein; Finn Edler von Eyben; Finn Gyntelberg
- Abstract
Aim:The aim of this study was to identify metabolic and lifestyle risk factors for ischemic heart disease (IHD) and all-cause mortality (ACM) among normal weight, overweight, and obese men.Methods:This was a 16-year follow up of 2982 men 53 to 75 years without overt cardiovascular disease.Potential risk factors:These were blood pressure, diabetes, fasting serum triglycerides (TGs) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), glucosuria, cancer, body mass index (BMI), alcohol, tobacco, leisure-time physical activity, social class, and age.Main outcome:This was to determine mortality during 16 years of follow-up.Results:A total of 194 men (6.5%) died due to IHD and 1184 (39.8%) from all causes. All lifestyle factors and clinical/metabolic risk factors were associated with BMI, positively or negatively. Risk of IHD and ACM increased gradually from the normal weight (BMI 20.0–25.0) to higher BMI groups. With respect to IHD, compared to normal weight men, obese men (BMI ≥ 30.0) had an age-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) (95%CI) of 1.67(1.04–2.68); adjusted for potential confounders HR was 0.99 (0.59–1.66); corresponding estimates for ACM were 1.21 (0.98–1.49) and 0.86 (0.68–1.09). High TG (>1.70 mmol/L) was an independent risk factor for IHD mortality only among men with BMI ≤ 27.5 kg/m2; low HDL-C (≤1.03 mmol/L) was an independent risk factor for IHD mortality only among men with BMI > 27.5 kg/m2. Cumulative smoking and type 2 diabetes/glucosuria were the strongest risk factors of ACM among men with a BMI ≤ 27.5 as well as men with a BMI > 27.5.Conclusion:The importance of risk factors for IHD mortality, in particular serum TG and serum HDL-C, depends on BMI.
- Subjects
COPENHAGEN (Denmark); DENMARK; CORONARY heart disease risk factors; HEART disease related mortality; OVERWEIGHT men; TRIGLYCERIDES; HIGH density lipoproteins; BODY mass index
- Publication
Metabolic Syndrome & Related Disorders, 2009, Vol 7, Issue 2, p97
- ISSN
1540-4196
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1089/met.2008.0041