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- Title
Development of Green and Efficient Extraction Methods of Quercetin from Red Onion ScalesWastes Using Factorial Design for Method Optimization: A Comparative Study.
- Authors
Abd-ElSalam, Heba-Alla H.; Gamal, Mohammed; Naguib, Ibrahim A.; Al-Ghobashy, Medhat A.; Zaazaa, Hala E.; Abdelkawy, M.
- Abstract
Waste resulting from edible plants is considered one of the best sources of valuable phytochemicals. A promising approach for using these appreciated wastes is extracting precious medically important constituents, for example, free quercetin. Two new cost-effective and green extraction methods are introduced in the present study: ultrasound-assisted glycerol extraction (UAGE) and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE). These extraction protocols are optimized using factorial design to define the highest yield of extraction, and HPLC-UV at 370 nm was used as a method of yield analysis. Quercetin remained stable during the whole process in both extraction protocols. A standard addition technique was performed to quantify quercetin in different extracts and eliminate the matrix effect. In UAGE and MAE, extraction yields were 16.55± 0.81 and 27.20± 1.55 mg/1g from red onion scales on a dry base, respectively. The amount of quercetin extracted using MAE was superior to UAGE in terms of time and yield. A greenness assessment of the offered studies compared to previously published relevant extraction methods was performed using the analytical eco-scale assessment method (ESA) and national environmental methods index (NEMI). MAE showed to be a greener method with a higher ESA score and a greener NEMI pictogram.
- Subjects
QUERCETIN; EDIBLE plants; PHYTOCHEMICALS; ONION composition; ANTIOXIDANT analysis
- Publication
Separations (2297-8739), 2021, Vol 8, Issue 9, p1
- ISSN
2297-8739
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/separations8090137