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- Title
Development of an Interception Glove Sampler for Skin Exposures to Aromatic Isocyanates.
- Authors
Harari, Homero; Bello, Dhimiter; Woskie, Susan; Redlich, Carrie
- Abstract
Objectives: Skin is an important exposure route for isocyanate chemicals and contributes to systemic sensitization. Methods for assessing skin exposure are currently limited and generally rely upon removal (e.g. tape-strip) techniques prone to underestimation. The aim of this study is to (i) develop and field test an interception-based hand exposure sampler to monitor potential skin exposure to isocyanates in the workplace, (ii) to develop an analytical method based on ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography--UV absorbance--tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC--UV--MS/MS) for analyzing glove samples; and (iii) compare it with tape-stripping skin sampling method. Methods: Laboratory investigations assessed different glove materials/fabrics, methods for impregnating with 1-(9-anthracenylmethyl)piperazine (MAP) derivatizing agent, methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) uptake and recovery, and durability. Following use, gloves were dissected into sections corresponding to different spatial regions (finger, palm) and analyzed using a newly developed UHPLC-UV-MS/MS method capable of differentiating and quantitating different MDI isomers with high sensitivity. Performance of the glove sampler was further assessed in a pilot field study using six workers. Results: A MAP-impregnated thin cotton glove sampler and UHPLC--UV--MS/MS analytical method for detecting MDI were successfully developed in laboratory studies. In subsequent field studies, a total of 384 samples from 14 glove pairs identified full-shift exposures ranged from 0.01 to 306 µg of 4,4'-MDI/worker for each hand. Surface area adjusted MDI values measured with the glove sampler (0.13-572 ng MDI cm-2) were considerably higher (~400-fold) than values obtained with tape stripping. Conclusion: A glove sampler and a novel UHPLC-UV-MS/MS analytical method were developed to quantitatively measure MDI skin exposure. The novel interception technique overcomes inherent limi- tations of removal techniques for measuring isocyanate skin exposure and may be useful in exposure surveillance and future research on isocyanate's health risks.
- Subjects
ENVIRONMENTAL exposure prevention; ORGANIC compound analysis; CONVALESCENCE; GLOVES; HIGH performance liquid chromatography; MASS spectrometry; ORGANIC compounds; SKIN tests; WORK environment; OCCUPATIONAL hazards
- Publication
Annals of Occupational Hygiene, 2016, Vol 60, Issue 9, p1092
- ISSN
0003-4878
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1093/annhyg/mew052