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Title
#4 BOB PAINE'S INTERTIDAL INTERFERENCE.
Abstract
The article highlights Robert T. Paine's groundbreaking ecological experiment in the 1960s, where the removal of predatory sea stars demonstrated their crucial role as 'keystone species,' shaping entire ecosystems. Paine's work altered ecological perceptions, introducing concepts like trophic cascades and impacting conservation strategies, evident in examples like shark preservation and the reintroduction of wolves in Yellowstone Park.