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- Title
Vitamin E: Regulatory role of metabolites.
- Authors
Birringer, Marc; Lorkowski, Stefan
- Abstract
Vitamin E plays an important role as a lipophilic antioxidant in cellular redox homeostasis. Besides this function, numerous non‐antioxidant properties of this vitamin have been discovered in the past. DNA microarray technology revealed a complex regulatory network influenced by the different vitamin E forms (Rimbach et al., Molecules, 15, 1746 (2010); Galli et al., Free Radic. Biol. Med., 102, 16 (2017)); however, little is known about the biological activity of vitamin E metabolites. A new chapter of vitamin E research was been opened when endogenous long‐chain tocopherol metabolites were identified and their high biological activity in vitro and in vivo was recognized (Schmölz et al., World J. Biol. Chem., 7, 14 (2016); Torquato et al., J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 124, 399 (2016)). Just recently, it was shown that an endogenous metabolite of vitamin E inhibits 5‐lipoxygenase at nanomolar concentrations, thereby limiting inflammation (Pein et al., Nat. Commun., 9, 3834 (2018)). Furthermore, long‐chain vitamin E metabolites (LCM) exhibit hormone‐like activities similar to the lipid soluble vitamins A and D (Galli et al., Free Radic. Biol. Med., 102, 16 (2017); Schubert et al., Antioxidants, 7 (2018)). This review aims at summarizing recent findings on the regulatory activities of vitamin E metabolites, especially of LCMs. © 2018 IUBMB Life, 71(4):479–486, 2019
- Subjects
METABOLITES; VITAMIN E; MACROPHAGES; OXIDATIVE stress; TOCOTRIENOL
- Publication
IUBMB Life, 2019, Vol 71, Issue 4, p479
- ISSN
1521-6543
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1002/iub.1988