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- Title
Environmental fate determination of the EPA sanctioned fungicidal agent Ametoctradin (M650F), stemming from triazolopyrimidine progeny.
- Authors
Majid, Sara; Ahmad, Khuram Shahzad; Okla, Mohammad K.; Malik, Muhammad Azad
- Abstract
Ametoctradin fungicide's ecotoxicological and lithospheric sorption properties have been thoroughly assessed through a variety of experimental techniques that mimic natural environmental circumstances. To achieve this, the current study examined the sorption and degradation of Ametoctradin in 10 different soil samples under carefully monitored laboratory conditions. The negative values of Gibbs-free energy (ΔG), which range from − 15.78 to − 23.56 kj/mol in thermodynamic analysis with a C-type curve are extensively assessed using both linear and Freundlich models. SS5 (soil with highest organic matter) depicted the maximum adsorption (Kd = 41.15 µg/ml), while SS8 (depicting low organic matter content) showed the lowest adsorption extent (Kd = 10.38 µg/ml). GC–MS analysis and UV–visible spectrophotometry were used to evaluate the hydrolytic and photolytic processes involved in Ametoctradin degradation. According to the findings, the hydrolytic and photolytic assays had lowest half-life values of 28.7 and 55.2 days, respectively. Furthermore, the Ametoctradin degradation followed first order reaction kinetics. Soil sample SS6 showed the maximum hydrolytic degradation (57%) due to higher sand content (42%), while SS3 showed the lowest hydrolytic degradation (21%) due to higher silt and clay content. The findings indicated that Ametoctradin exhibited above average binding to the chosen soils, resulting in medium to low persistence as shown by degradation values. Overall, this study offers insightful knowledge about the behavior and fate of Ametoctradin in various soil types, which can help with the creation of practical management plans and environmental risk assessments.
- Subjects
UNITED States. Environmental Protection Agency; ENVIRONMENTAL risk assessment; SOIL classification; SOIL sampling; RATE coefficients (Chemistry); ENVIRONMENTAL protection planning
- Publication
Environmental Earth Sciences, 2024, Vol 83, Issue 4, p1
- ISSN
1866-6280
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s12665-024-11437-0