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- Title
Investigation on the influence of sulfonic substitution in polyacrylamides for minimizing drag in turbulent flow of slickwater fluids.
- Authors
Korlepara, Navneeth Kumar; Patel, Nikhil; Dilley, Christopher; Deysarkar, Asoke Kumar; Kulkarni, Sandeep D.
- Abstract
The use of slickwater fluids for fracking is key for accessing unconventional shale/tight‐sand reservoirs. To mitigate the frictional losses observed during the injection, drag reducers like sulfonated polyacrylamides (SPAMs) are added to the slickwater fluids. The current study presents a unique controlled investigation that examines the impact of sulfonic group substitution, ranging from 5 to 25 wt%, in SPAMs. The molecular weight of the polymers is kept constant at ~7.5–7.8 million Daltons. The investigation is two‐pronged: first part is comprised of drag reduction (%DR) performance of the polymers in fluids of varying salinities on a laboratory flow‐loop. The results obtained indicated the inter‐dependence of fluid salinity and sulfonic substitution on the polymer performance; for example, %DR deterioration of SPAM with 5 wt% substitution was 24.7%; to the contrary, the deterioration was only 15.6% for SPAM with 25 wt% substitution with rise in fluid salinity from 150 ppm to 110 k ppm. The second part of study included in development of a physics‐based model where the polymer relaxation response (Weissenberg number) was improvised to accommodate the impact of governing parameters and then, successfully correlated with the %DR performance using phenomenological equations for the studied range of parameters.
- Subjects
DRAG reduction; TURBULENT flow; TURBULENCE; FLUID flow; PERMUTATION groups; MOLECULAR weights
- Publication
Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2024, Vol 141, Issue 3, p1
- ISSN
0021-8995
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1002/app.54806