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- Title
On Emergent Particles and Stable Neutral Plasma Balls in SU(2) Yang-Mills Thermodynamics.
- Authors
Hofmann, Ralf; Grandou, Thierry
- Abstract
For a pure SU(2) Yang–Mills theory in 4D, we revisit the spatial (3D), ball-like region of radius r 0 in its bulk subject to the pressureless, deconfining phase at T 0 = 1.32 T c , where T c denotes the critical temperature for the onset of the deconfining–preconfining phase transition. Such a region possesses finite energy density and represents the self-intersection of a figure-eight shaped center-vortex loop if a BPS monopole of core radius ∼ r 0 52.4 , isolated from its antimonopole by repulsion externally invoked through a transient shift of (anti)caloron holonomy (pair creation), is trapped therein. The entire soliton (vortex line plus region of self-intersection of mass m 0 containing the monopole) can be considered an excitation of the pressureless and energyless ground state of the confining phase. Correcting an earlier estimate of r 0 , we show that the vortex-loop self-intersection region associates to the central part of a(n) (anti)caloron and that this region carries one unit of electric U(1) charge via the (electric-magnetic dually interpreted) charge of the monopole. The monopole core quantum vibrates at a thermodynamically determined frequency ω 0 and is unresolved. For a deconfining-phase plasma oscillation about the zero-pressure background at T = T 0 , we compute the lowest frequency Ω 0 within a neutral and homogeneous spatial ball (no trapped monopole) in dependence of its radius R 0 . For R 0 = r 0 a comparison of Ω 0 with ω 0 reveals that the neutral plasma oscillates much slower than the same plasma driven by the oscillation of a monopole core.
- Subjects
PHASE transitions; SOLITONS; PLASMA oscillations; THERMODYNAMICS; ENERGY density
- Publication
Universe (2218-1997), 2022, Vol 8, Issue 2, pN.PAG
- ISSN
2218-1997
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/universe8020117