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- Title
Copper Chloro-Complexes Concentrated Solutions: An Electrochemical Study.
- Authors
Lacarbonara, Giampaolo; Faggiano, Luigi; Porcu, Stefania; Ricci, Pier Carlo; Rapino, Stefania; Casey, Declan P.; Rohan, James F.; Arbizzani, Catia
- Abstract
Basic studies on concentrated solutions are becoming more and more important due to the practical industrial and geological applications. The use in redox flow batteries is one of the most important applications of these solutions. Specifically, in this paper we investigated highconcentrated copper chloro-complexes solutions with different additives. The concentration of ligands and additives affects the physicochemical and electrochemical properties of 2 M solutions of Cu(I) and Cu(II). Solutions with calcium chloride and HCl as Cl-source were investigated with Cu:Cl ratios of 1:5 and 1:7, the 1:5 Cu:Cl ratio being the best performing. The substitution of calcium chloride with ammonium chloride increased the conductivity. However, while the effect on the positive electrode process was not very evident, the reversibility of the copper deposition-stripping process was greatly improved. Orthophosphoric acid could be a viable additive to decrease the complexation of calcium with chloride anions and to improve the stability of Cu(II) chlorocomplexes. Absorption spectroscopy demonstrated that phosphate ions do not coordinate copper(II) but lead to a shift in the distribution of copper chloro-complexes toward more coordinated species. Electrochemically, the increased availability of chloride anions in solution stabilized the Cu(II)-rich solution and led to increased reversibility of the Cu(II)/Cu(I) redox process.
- Subjects
CALCIUM chloride; COPPER; FLOW batteries
- Publication
Batteries, 2021, Vol 7, Issue 4, p1
- ISSN
2313-0105
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/batteries7040083