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- Title
Arsenic treatment increase Aurora-A overexpression through E2F1 activation in bladder cells.
- Authors
Yu-Ting Kao; Chin-Han Wu; Shan-Ying Wu; Sheng-Hui Lan; Hsiao-Sheng Liu; Ya-Shih Tseng; Kao, Yu-Ting; Wu, Chin-Han; Wu, Shan-Ying; Lan, Sheng-Hui; Liu, Hsiao-Sheng; Tseng, Ya-Shih
- Abstract
<bold>Background: </bold>Arsenic is a widely distributed metalloid compound that has biphasic effects on cultured cells. In large doses, arsenic can be toxic enough to trigger cell death. In smaller amounts, non-toxic doses may promote cell proliferation and induces carcinogenesis. Aberration of chromosome is frequently detected in epithelial cells and lymphocytes of individuals from arsenic contaminated areas. Overexpression of Aurora-A, a mitotic kinase, results in chromosomal instability and cell transformation. We have reported that low concentration (≦1 μM) of arsenic treatment increases Aurora-A expression in immortalized bladder urothelial E7 cells. However, how arsenic induces carcinogenesis through Aurora-A activation remaining unclear.<bold>Methods: </bold>Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) staining, MTT assay, and flow cytometry assay were conducted to determine cell proliferation. Messenger RNA and protein expression levels of Aurora-A were detected by reverse transcriptional-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. Centrosome of cells was observed by immunofluorescent staining. The transcription factor of Aurora-A was investigated by promoter activity, chromosome immunoprecipitation (ChIP), and small interfering RNA (shRNA) assays. Mouse model was utilized to confirm the relationship between arsenic and Aurora-A.<bold>Results: </bold>We reveal that low dosage of arsenic treatment increased cell proliferation is associated with accumulated cell population at S phase. We also detected increased Aurora-A expression at mRNA and protein levels in immortalized bladder urothelial E7 cells exposed to low doses of arsenic. Arsenic-treated cells displayed increased multiple centrosome which is resulted from overexpressed Aurora-A. Furthermore, the transcription factor, E2F1, is responsible for Aurora-A overexpression after arsenic treatment. We further disclosed that Aurora-A expression and cell proliferation were increased in bladder and uterus tissues of the BALB/c mice after long-term arsenic (1 mg/L) exposure for 2 months.<bold>Conclusion: </bold>We reveal that low dose of arsenic induced cell proliferation is through Aurora-A overexpression, which is transcriptionally regulated by E2F1 both in vitro and in vivo. Our findings disclose a new possibility that arsenic at low concentration activates Aurora-A to induce carcinogenesis.
- Subjects
CACODYLIC acid; CYTOPROTECTION; WESTERN immunoblotting; MESSENGER RNA; TRANSCRIPTION factors; PROTEIN metabolism; CARCINOGENESIS; ANIMAL experimentation; ARSENIC; BLADDER tumors; CELL lines; CELL physiology; FLOW cytometry; FLUORESCENT antibody technique; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; MICE; POLYMERASE chain reaction; TRANSFERASES; REVERSE transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; TRANSITIONAL cell carcinoma
- Publication
BMC Cancer, 2017, Vol 17, p1
- ISSN
1471-2407
- Publication type
journal article
- DOI
10.1186/s12885-017-3253-1