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- Title
Insulin resistance in African-American and Caucasian women: differences in lipotoxicity, adipokines, and gene expression in adipose tissue and muscle.
- Authors
Smith, Latasha M; Yao-Borengasser, Aiwei; Starks, Tasha; Tripputi, Mark; Kern, Philip A; Rasouli, Neda
- Abstract
<bold>Objectives: </bold>We tested whether African-American (AA) women are different from Caucasian women in regard to lipotoxicity, adipokines, and gene expression in adipose tissue and muscle.<bold>Design: </bold>Insulin sensitivity (S(I)), plasma adipocytokine levels, intramyocellular lipid (IMCL), and the expression of candidate genes in adipose tissue and muscle were measured in AA and Caucasian women.<bold>Setting: </bold>This study was performed in an ambulatory general clinical research center.<bold>Subjects: </bold>Subjects were healthy, nondiabetic AA and Caucasian women.<bold>Interventions: </bold>There were no interventions.<bold>Main Outcome Measures: </bold>Comparison of S(I), IMCL, plasma adiponectin, and the expression of candidate genes regulating adipogenesis, lipogenesis, and inflammation in adipose tissue and muscle.<bold>Results: </bold>AA had lower plasma adiponectin and IMCL when compared with Caucasian women with similar S(I). In sc adipose tissue (SAT), the expression of genes involved in adipogenesis including peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) and lipin-1beta were also reduced in SAT of AA subjects (19%, P = 0.06, and 25%, P = 0.05, respectively). Similarly, 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 2 (AGPAT 2), stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase-1 (SCD1), and CD36 mRNA expression was significantly reduced in SAT by 19, 54, and 28% respectively (P < 0.01 for all) in AA compared with Caucasian women. Yet the expression of CD68 in SAT was similar in both ethnic groups. Gene expression studies in muscle revealed a 31% reduction in expression of AGPAT 2 and a 72% reduction in SCD1 genes in AA.<bold>Conclusion: </bold>AA women demonstrated lower expression of several PPARgamma-responsive genes in adipose tissue, lower plasma adiponectin, and decreased IMCL levels as compared with Caucasians, which suggests that African-Americans may be protected from lipotoxicity. Together these data suggest significant ethnic differences in the pathophysiology of insulin resistance.
- Subjects
ADIPOSE tissue physiology; STATISTICS on Black people; ADIPOSE tissues; BLACK people; HUMAN body composition; CELL physiology; COMPARATIVE studies; GENE expression; GENETIC disorders; INFLAMMATION; INSULIN resistance; LIPID metabolism disorders; LONGITUDINAL method; RESEARCH methodology; MEDICAL cooperation; PEPTIDE hormones; RESEARCH; RESEARCH funding; WHITE people; EVALUATION research; SKELETAL muscle
- Publication
Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 2010, Vol 95, Issue 9, p4441
- ISSN
0021-972X
- Publication type
journal article
- DOI
10.1210/jc.2010-0017