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- Title
Congenital Tumors—Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings with Focus on Rare Tumors.
- Authors
Kwasniewicz, Piotr; Wieczorek-Pastusiak, Julia; Romaniuk-Doroszewska, Anna; Bekiesinska-Figatowska, Monika
- Abstract
Simple Summary: Congenital tumors are an uncommon finding on prenatal ultrasound and in the first 3 months of life, and they are (almost) always subjected to magnetic resonance imaging. Although they are usually easy to recognize as pathological masses, differential diagnosis is not easy and includes both benign and malignant conditions. Teratomas are the most frequent group of inborn neoplasms, followed by cardiac rhabdomyomas. In this paper, the authors show a series of cases in order to provide tips to identify the more common masses and to keep in mind that the most unusual tumor may occur as congenital and that no diagnosis should be rejected a priori. The article is intended to raise awareness and draw attention to this little-known group of cancers and facilitate the diagnostic process. Congenital tumors are rare and, owing to this rarity, there is limited information on many of them. A total of 839 fetal and postnatal MRI studies performed in the first 3 months of life were retrospectively reviewed. They were performed with the use of 1.5 T scanners. Seventy-six tumors were diagnosed based on fetal MRI between 20 and 37 gestational weeks, and 27 were found after birth, from 1 day of age to 3 months of life. Teratomas were the most common tumors in our dataset, mainly in the sacrococcygeal region (SCT), followed by cardiac rhabdomyomas and subependymal giant cell astrocytomas (SEGA) associated with TSC, and neuroblastomas. The group of less common tumors consisted of infantile fibrosarcomas, malignant rhabdoid tumors, mesoblastic nephromas and Wilms tumor, craniopharyngiomas, brain stem gliomas, desmoplastic infantile astrocytoma, choroid plexus carcinoma, glioblastoma, hemangiopericytoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, melanoma, mesenchymal hamartomas of the chest wall and the liver, and juvenile xanthogranuloma, with special consideration of blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome. MRI plays a significant role in further and better characterization of congenital tumors, leading to a correct diagnosis in many cases, which is crucial for pregnancy and neonatal management and psychological preparation of the parents. No diagnosis is impossible and can be absolutely excluded.
- Subjects
TUMOR diagnosis; DIAGNOSIS of tumors in children; HEART tumors; RENAL cell carcinoma; BLOOD-vessel tumors; CHEST tumors; JUVENILE xanthogranuloma; PRENATAL diagnosis; NEUROBLASTOMA; LIVER tumors; NEONATAL diseases; RHABDOMYOSARCOMA; MELANOMA; MAGNETIC resonance imaging; RETROSPECTIVE studies; GESTATIONAL age; GIANT cell tumors; GLIOMAS; TERATOMA; NEPHROBLASTOMA; BRAIN tumors; HAMARTOMA; MUSCLE tumors; CRANIOPHARYNGIOMA; RARE diseases; CONNECTIVE tissue tumors; BRAIN stem; BASAL cell nevus syndrome; CHILDREN; FETUS
- Publication
Cancers, 2024, Vol 16, Issue 1, p43
- ISSN
2072-6694
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/cancers16010043