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- Title
Measure for Measure? Male Retaliation Commensurate with Anger Depends on Provocateur Gender and Aggression Covertness.
- Authors
Schnake, Sherry B.; Ruscher, Janet B.; Gratz, Kim Lee; O'Neal, Edgar C.
- Abstract
Two experiments examined the relation between anger and two different forms of aggression, as a function of target gender. Because social norms discourage aggression toward women, men should restrain overt aggression toward women despite their anger. However, because covert aggression minimizes the risk of accountability and social condemnation, covert aggression and anger should be directly related, irrespective of target gender. In both experiments, male undergraduates were provoked or treated neutrally by an alleged male or female interaction partner. The first experiment measured covert aggression. The second experiment included both covert and overt measures of aggression. Anger and covert aggression were related directly regardless of the target's gender, but anger and overt aggression were related directly for male targets but not female targets. Implications for covert and overt aggression in more naturalistic settings are discussed.
- Subjects
ANGER; AGGRESSION (Psychology); GENDER; SOCIAL norms; WOMEN
- Publication
Journal of Social Behavior & Personality, 1997, Vol 12, Issue 4, p937
- ISSN
0886-1641
- Publication type
Article