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- Title
Effect of shoulder external rotation exercise with real-time visual feedback using ultrasonography in college baseball players: a randomized controlled trial.
- Authors
Takamasa Suzuki; Masashi Kawabata; Ayaha Matsuda; Youta Saito; Yudai Nagano; Yuto Sano; Yusuke Tsuihiji; Hiroyuki Watanabe; Naonobu Takahira
- Abstract
Introduction: The effectiveness of shoulder external rotation exercises (ER-Ex) in preventing shoulder and elbow disorders in baseball players is widely recognized.1 However, it is unclear whether educational exercises with real-time visual feedback (FB) using ultrasonography have an additive effect on facilitating rotator cuff contraction. Objectives: This study aimed to examine the additive effect of shoulder ER-Ex with real-time visual feedback using ultrasonography. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial. Methods: Twenty-six players (mean age 20.5 years) were block-randomized into the ER-Ex with FB using ultrasonog- raphy group (FB-G) and ER-Ex only as the control group (C-G). The FB-G performed ER-Ex with ultrasonography FB during exercise, while the C-G performed ER-Ex without FB. Both groups performed three sets of 10 repetitions of ER-Ex in a prone position with the shoulder abducted to 90 degrees and the elbow flexed to 90 degrees. Both groups independently performed the ER-Ex for one month before their regular baseball practices.The primary outcome measure was the Kerlan-Jobe Orthopaedic Clinic (KJOC) Shoulder & Elbow Score, including total and subitem scores. Secondary outcomes included pitching performance (ball speed and elbow valgus torque) and physical function (shoulder rotation muscle strength and range of motion). These were evaluated for one month before and after the intervention. Results:No significant changes were found in the KJOC total score, pitching performance, or physical function. However, a significant improvement was observed in KJOC subitem 1, related to warm-up time (p=0.02), with the score increasing from 78.8 to 87.2 points for the FB-G (p=0.01). Conclusions: One month of self-exercise following the educational intervention combining ER-Ex with real-time visual FB showed no additional effects on the KJOC total score or pitching performance. However, ER-Ex with real- time visual FB could potentially contribute to reducing warm-up time.
- Subjects
NORWAY; SHOULDER physiology; EXERCISE physiology; EXERCISE therapy; STATISTICAL sampling; SHOULDER joint; CONFERENCES &; conventions; RANDOMIZED controlled trials; ROTATIONAL motion; ATHLETES; BASEBALL
- Publication
International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy, 2024, Vol 19, Issue 6, p775
- ISSN
2159-2896
- Publication type
Article