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- Title
Grape-Seed Proanthocyanidins are Able to Reverse Intestinal Dysfunction and Metabolic Endotoxemia Induced by a Cafeteria Diet in Wistar Rats.
- Authors
González-Quilen, Carlos; Gil-Cardoso, Katherine; Ginés, Iris; Beltrán-Debón, Raúl; Pinent, Montserrat; Ardévol, Anna; Terra, Ximena; Blay, M. Teresa
- Abstract
We evaluated the effectiveness of pharmacological doses of grape-seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) in reversing intestinal barrier alterations and local inflammation in female Wistar rats fed a long-term obesogenic diet. Animals were fed a 17-week cafeteria diet (CAF diet), supplemented with daily GSPE doses (100 or 500 mg kg−1 body weight) during the final two weeks. CAF diet enhanced the intestinal permeation of an orally administered marker (ovalbumin, OVA) and increased the plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in 2–3-fold. Ex vivo Ussing chamber assays showed a 55–70% reduction in transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and increased the TNF-α secretions in both small and large intestinal sections with a 25-fold increment in the ileum. Ileal tissues also presented a 4-fold increase of myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. Both GSPE-treatments were able to restitute TEER values in the ileum and colon and to reduce plasma LPS to basal levels without a dose-dependent effect. However, effects on the OVA permeation and TNF-α secretion were dose and section-specific. GSPE also reduced ileal MPO activity and upregulated claudin 1 gene expression. This study provides evidence of the efficacy of GSPE-supplementation ameliorating diet-induced intestinal dysfunction and metabolic endotoxemia when administered at the end of a long-term obesogenic diet.
- Subjects
INTESTINAL diseases; INFLAMMATION prevention; ENDOTOXEMIA prevention; ANIMAL experimentation; COLON (Anatomy); DIETARY supplements; ENDOTOXINS; FLAVONOIDS; GENE expression; ILEUM; INFLAMMATORY mediators; LARGE intestine; SMALL intestine; INTESTINES; MEMBRANE proteins; ORAL drug administration; OXIDOREDUCTASES; RATS; TUMOR necrosis factors; ALBUMINS; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES; GRAPE seed extract; PHARMACODYNAMICS; PREVENTION
- Publication
Nutrients, 2019, Vol 11, Issue 5, p979
- ISSN
2072-6643
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/nu11050979