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- Title
Antifouling strategies for electrochemical sensing in complex biological media.
- Authors
Song, Zhen; Han, Rui; Yu, Kunpeng; Li, Rong; Luo, Xiliang
- Abstract
Surface fouling poses a significant challenge that restricts the analytical performance of electrochemical sensors in both in vitro and in vivo applications. Biofouling resistance is paramount to guarantee the reliable operation of electrochemical sensors in complex biofluids (e.g., blood, serum, and urine). Seeking efficient strategies for surface fouling and establishing highly sensitive sensing platforms for applications in complex media have received increasing attention in the past. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of recent research efforts focused on antifouling electrochemical sensors. Initially, we present a detailed illustration of the concept about biofouling along with an exploration of four key antifouling mechanisms. Subsequently, we delve into the commonly employed antifouling strategies in the fabrication of electrochemical sensors. These encompass physical surface topography (micro/nanostructure coatings and filtration membranes) and chemical surface modifications (PEG and its derivatives, zwitterionic polymers, peptides, proteins, and various other antifouling materials). The progress in antifouling electrochemical sensors is proposed concerning the antifouling mechanisms as well as sensing capability assessments (e.g., sensitivity, stability, and practical application ability). Finally, we summarize the evolving trends in the field and highlight some key remaining limitations.
- Subjects
ELECTROCHEMICAL sensors; POLYZWITTERIONS; MEMBRANE separation; SURFACE topography; BIOELECTROCHEMISTRY; FOULING
- Publication
Microchimica Acta, 2024, Vol 191, Issue 3, p1
- ISSN
0026-3672
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s00604-024-06218-2