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- Title
Biomarkers of sustained systemic inflammation and microvascular dysfunction associated with post-COVID-19 condition symptoms at 24 months after SARS-CoV-2-infection.
- Authors
Jacobs, Lotte M. C.; Wintjens, Marieke S. J. N.; Nagy, Magdolna; Willems, Loes; Cate, Hugo ten; Spronk, Henri M. H.; van Kuijk, Sander M. J.; Ghossein-Doha, Chahinda; Netea, Mihai G.; Groh, Laszlo A.; van Petersen, André S.; Warlé, Michiel C.
- Abstract
Introduction: Comprehensive studies investigating sustained hypercoagulability, endothelial function, and/or inflammation in relation to post-COVID-19 (PCC) symptoms with a prolonged follow-up are currently lacking. Therefore, the aim of this single-centre cohort study was to investigate serum biomarkers of coagulation activation, microvascular dysfunction, and inflammation in relation to persisting symptoms two years after acute COVID-19. Methods: Patients diagnosed with acute SARS-CoV-2 infection between February and June 2020 were recruited. Outcome measures included the CORona Follow-Up (CORFU) questionnaire, which is based on an internationally developed and partially validated basic questionnaire on persistent PCC symptoms. Additionally, plasma biomarkers reflecting coagulation activation, endothelial dysfunction and systemic inflammation were measured. Results: 167 individuals were approached of which 148 (89%) completed the CORFU questionnaire. At 24 months after acute infection, fatigue was the most prevalent PCC symptom (84.5%). Over 50% of the patients experienced symptoms related to breathing, cognition, sleep or mobility; 30.3% still experienced at least one severe or extreme (4 or 5 on a 5-point scale) PCC symptom. Multiple correlations were found between several PCC symptoms and markers of endothelial dysfunction (endothelin-1 and von Willebrand factor) and systemic inflammation (Interleukin-1 Receptor antagonist). No positive correlations were found between PCC symptoms and coagulation complexes. Discussion: In conclusion, this study shows that at 24 months after acute COVID-19 infection patients experience a high prevalence of PCC symptoms which correlate with inflammatory cytokine IL-1Ra and markers of endothelial dysfunction, especially endothelin-1. Our data may provide a rationale for the selection of treatment strategies for further clinical studies.
- Subjects
CORFU Island (Greece); MICROCIRCULATION disorders; COVID-19 pandemic; INTERLEUKIN-1 receptors; PATIENT experience; VON Willebrand factor; ENDOTHELIUM diseases
- Publication
Frontiers in Immunology, 2023, p1
- ISSN
1664-3224
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3389/fimmu.2023.1182182