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- Title
Production of Biofuel Additives from Glycerol Etherification Using Zirconia Supported Phosphotungstic Acid.
- Authors
Liu, Xueping; Shi, Shengbin; Yang, Su; Gu, Liuyu; Gao, Lijing; Zhang, Jin; Xiao, Guomin
- Abstract
Using etherification to convert glycerol into biofuel additives is an effective way to solve the current problem of excess glycerol. In this study, a series of environmentally friendly (x)HPW/ZrO2 catalysts were synthesized for the etherification of glycerol and tert-butyl alcohol (TBA). The internal microstructure and acidity analysis of the synthesized samples were derived from BET, XRD, Raman spectroscopy, FTIR, SEM, NH3-TPD and Py-FTIR. The results revealed that the synthesized catalysts retained the complete Keggin structure of phosphotungstic acid (HPW) which supported on it. The (15)HPW/ZrO2 catalyst with suitable structure and acidity had an excellent catalytic effect on the etherification reaction. Driven by the (15)HPW/ZrO2 catalyst, the optimal reaction conditions were determined from parameters of reaction temperature, time, molar rate of glycerol and TBA, and catalyst dosage. 93.2% glycerol conversion and 42.5% selectivity of multi-substituted tert-butyl glycerol ethers (DTBG + TTBG) were obtained under optimal conditions. In addition, even after a total of four consecutive reactions, (15)HPW/ZrO2 catalyst still demonstrated relatively good catalytic activity.
- Subjects
PHOSPHOTUNGSTIC acids; ETHERIFICATION; BIOMASS energy; CATALYSIS; CATALYST structure; GLYCERIN
- Publication
Catalysis Letters, 2022, Vol 152, Issue 8, p2293
- ISSN
1011-372X
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s10562-021-03818-y