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- Title
Insulin-Treated Type 2 Diabetes Is Associated with a Decreased Survival in Heart Failure Patients after Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy.
- Authors
MANGIAVACCHI, MAURIZIO; GASPARINI, MAURIZIO; GENOVESE, STEFANO; PINI, DANIELA; KLERSY, CATHERINE; BRAGATO, RENATO; ANDREUZZI, BRUNO; MUNICINÒ, ANNAMARIA; REGOLI, FRANÇOIS; GALIMBERTI, PAOLA; CERIOTTI, CARLO; GRONDA, EDOARDO
- Abstract
Background: Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) improves cardiac performance and survival in patients with congestive heart failure. Recent observations suggest that diabetes is associated with a worse outcome in these patients. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of diabetes and insulin treatment on outcome after CRT. Methods: Diabetic status and insulin treatment were assessed in 447 patients who underwent CRT (males 80.8%, mean age 65.7 ± 9.7 years, ejection fraction 29.9 ± 6.11%). Patients were stratified in three groups according to the presence or absence of diabetes and insulin treatment. Results: Nondiabetic patients were 366 (79.6%), noninsulin-treated diabetic patients 62 (13.9%), insulin-treated diabetic patients 29 (6.5%). The estimated death rate was 5.15 per 100 patients-year in the nondiabetic group, 8.63 in noninsulin-treated diabetics (HR 1.59, P = 0.240), and 15.84 in insulin-treated diabetics (HR 3.05, P = 0.004). Cardiac mortality accounted for 81% of deaths in nondiabetic patients and for 56% of deaths in diabetic patients. Diabetic patients tended to have a worse recovery of left ventricular ejection fraction over time (P = 0.057) and of the distance at 6-minute walking test (6MWT) (P = 0.018). Conclusions: Insulin-treated diabetes is associated with a worse functional recovery and a higher mortality in patients with advanced heart failure after CRT. While cardiac death accounts for the majority of deaths in nondiabetic patients, a relevant proportion of the mortality in diabetic patients seem to result from noncardiac causes.
- Subjects
INSULIN therapy; DIABETES complications; HEART failure; ELECTROTHERAPEUTICS; CARDIAC resuscitation
- Publication
Pacing & Clinical Electrophysiology, 2008, Vol 31, Issue 11, p1425
- ISSN
0147-8389
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1111/j.1540-8159.2008.01206.x