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- Title
Coral-killing sponge Terpios hoshinota releases larvae at midnight.
- Authors
Hirose, Yurika; Aini, Siti Nurul; Yamashiro, Hideyuki
- Abstract
Encrusting sponges threaten coral reefs and compete for space against corals; however, little is known about the timing of their larval release. This study is the first to demonstrate the timing of larval release of the coral-killing sponge, Terpios hoshinota Rützler & Muzik, 1993, in Okinawa Island, Japan. The number of larvae released from the parent sponges was quantified every 2 h from August to October, 2020. The peak time of larval release was determined to be at midnight, between 00:00 and 04:00, in the laboratory culture experiment. In addition, a mass in situ larval release was determined in the Nakijin reef between 01:30 and 03:00 on September 18, 2020. Larval release occurred in every lunar cycle throughout June to December 2020, with the peak occurring at lunar age of around 20 to 25 d. Information on the timing and duration of larval release would be useful for evaluating the survival, transport, and recruitment of this sponge in coral reef areas.
- Subjects
OKINAWA Island (Japan); JAPAN; CORAL reefs &; islands; LUNAR phases; LARVAE; CORALS; REEFS
- Publication
Coral Reefs, 2022, Vol 41, Issue 1, p149
- ISSN
0722-4028
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s00338-021-02210-x