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- Title
Structure and Present State of the Astroni Volcano in the Campi Flegrei Caldera in Italy Based on Multidisciplinary Investigations.
- Authors
Isaia, Roberto; Di Giuseppe, Maria Giulia; Troiano, Antonio; Avino, Rosario; Caliro, Stefano; Santi, Alessandro; Vitale, Stefano
- Abstract
Despite its known reconstructed volcanic history, the structural setting and present state of the Astroni Volcano of the Campi Flegrei caldera in Italy are still poorly defined. Through structural, geophysical, and geochemical investigations, we elucidate the structure and present volcanic activity of the Astroni Volcano, which hosts tuff cones, scoriae cones, lava domes, and lakes on the crater floor. A volcano‐tectonic analysis focused on the entire volcano edifice, coupled with electrical resistivity tomography of the shallower part of the Astroni crater, revealed the main rock formations, faults, and possible fluid patterns within the first 150 m depth. Two main NE–SW and NW–SE trending fault sets were imaged using electrical resistivity modeling and measurements along the wall of the volcanic edifice; they likely delimit a maar‐like structure resulting from the highest energetic subplinian Astroni 6 eruption event and acted as magma pathways during the late eruptive activity stage. A 3D view of the reconstructed resistivity model revealed both deep root‐conduit‐like structures and shallower dome‐like shapes for volcanic edifices on the crater floor. Gas and carbon compositions in the NNE sectors of the Astroni Lago Grande are similar to those of the Solfatara fumarole fluids, suggesting common hydrothermal origin and a possible link with a deep hydrothermal reservoir. This fluid‐emission area along the border of the younger volcanic structure exhibits a +40°C maximum soil‐temperature anomaly. The proposed volcano‐tectonic architecture should improve the unrest scenarios in case of reactivation in this Campi Flegrei caldera sector and the monitoring strategies for the Astroni Volcano. Plain Language Summary: The Campi Flegrei caldera (Southern Italy) is one of the most productive explosive volcanic systems worldwide. The central‐eastern sector of the caldera has recently been the location of several major volcanic vents, including the Astroni Volcano. It is very close to the Solfatara‐Pisciarelli area, where the most significant energy release and largest variation of the volcanic and seismic activities characterize the ongoing unrest crisis of the Campi Flegrei. In this study, we aim to provide new insights regarding the structure of the Astroni Volcano and elucidate the present volcanic activity through a multidisciplinary approach that merges volcanological, structural, geophysical, and geochemical data. A volcano‐tectonic analysis, coupled with a 3D electrical resistivity tomography, allowed us to define in detail the relation between the volcano‐tectonic structures, rock bodies, and fluid circulation within the first 150 m depth of the Astroni crater. We describe for the first time the hydrothermal emission activity and thermal anomaly within the Astroni crater and suggest the possible involvement of the geothermal reservoir. These results will help better evaluate the unrest scenarios in case of reactivation in this Campi Flegrei caldera sector and implement effective monitoring strategies for the Astroni Volcano. Key Points: Structural, geophysical, and geochemical investigations elucidate the structure and present volcanic activity of the Astroni VolcanoWe indicate the locations where we first detected hydrothermal emissions and temperature anomaliesResistivity anomalies and identified structural lineaments suggest the presence of active structures within the Astroni Volcano
- Subjects
ITALY; LAVA domes; CALDERAS; VOLCANOES; VOLCANIC craters; CRATER lakes; VOLCANISM; IMPACT craters
- Publication
Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems: G3, 2022, Vol 23, Issue 12, p1
- ISSN
1525-2027
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1029/2022GC010534