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- Title
The Efficiency of Sedimentation, Dilution, and Biochar Filter for Improving Wastewater Quality in the Irrigation Fields.
- Authors
Hamabor, Nabaz Omer; Khwakaram, Ahmed Ibrahim; Fattah, Mohammed Abdulrazzaq
- Abstract
Nowadays, high concentration of contaminants is considered one of the most important factors affecting water quality all over the world. This problem has made using untreated wastewater for irrigation difficult, or even impossible. Iraq is suffering from this problem. Thus, this study aimed to improve the quality of wastewater for irrigation purposes, using a novel technique. Five different types of water—groundwater (GW), wastewater (WW), sedimented wastewater (SW), diluted sedimented wastewater (DSW), and filtered diluted sedimented wastewater (FDSW)—were prepared to be used as water samples. Some standards were used to find the suitability of the water samples for irrigation. For each sample, the turbidity, TSS, EC, pH, TN, TP, Ca, Na, CI, SO4, and heavy metals (Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn) were measured. Results are evaluated using XLSTAT statistical software; all the parameters (turbidity, TSS, EC, pH, TN, TP, Ca, Na, CI, SO4), except Ca, showed significant differences after treating wastewater with sedimentation, dilution, and biochar filter. The highest value of total removal efficiency refers to turbidity parameter (99.46%), followed by TSS (88.50%), while the lowest value was recorded by Ca parameter (1.29%) and followed by pH (− 5.58%). The heavy metals (Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn) except Ni had significant differences after treating wastewater with sedimentation, dilution, and biochar filter. The highest value of total removal efficiency was recorded for Zn and Mn by 95% and 86.77%, respectively; however, the lowest values of 12% and 25% were indicated by Ni and Cu, respectively.
- Subjects
IRAQ; BIOCHAR; SEWAGE; SEDIMENTATION &; deposition; IRRIGATION; COPPER; DILUTION
- Publication
Water, Air & Soil Pollution, 2023, Vol 234, Issue 4, p1
- ISSN
0049-6979
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s11270-023-06305-9