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- Title
Sm-Co substituted M-type lead hexaferrite for dielectric properties and visible light driven methylene blue degradation in industrial wastewater.
- Authors
Jamshaid, Muhammad; Imran Khan, Muhammad; Khan, Hasan M.; Rauf, Abdul; Parkash Kumar, Ome; Nadeem Akhtar, Muhammad; Iqbal, Shahid; Shanableh, Abdallah; Rehman, Aziz ur
- Abstract
The rapid industrialization of the world is critically influencing our environment and natural ecosystem. The researchers are taking keen interest to invent novel material as photocatalyst for non-degradable organic pollutants. Herein, we have fabricated Sm and Co substituted M-type hexaferrite with composition Ca0.5Pb0.5–xSmxCoyFe12–yO19, (x = 0.00–0.1; y = 0.00–1.00) by sol–gel auto-combustion approach. The effect of Sm2+ and Co3+ substitution in calcium-lead hexaferrite has been investigated for structural, morphological, dielectric and photocatalytic applications for organic pollutants. X-ray diffraction study exhibited the presence of the single-phase M-type hexaferrite with size ranged between 19–23 nm. The particle size, shape and elemental composition were determined by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis. It was investigated that the electrical resistivity was decreased, and drifts mobility increased with increasing Sm2+ and Co3+ contents in the doped materials. An inverse relation has been established between the dielectric constant and the dielectric loss up to a frequency of 9.0 GHz and remains constant above this frequency range. The synthesized materials may prove a suitable contender in the domain of high-frequency devices like circulators, filters, transformers and antennas and environmental remediation. The energy bandgap (Eg) was calculated from UV-visible absorbance spectra by Tauc plot. It showed decreasing trend from 2.2 to 1.95 eV for precursor and doped material (Ca0.5Pb0.5–xSmxCoyFe12–yO19, x = 0.1; y = 1.00) respectively. Narrowing of bandgap is considered an important factor for the degradation of industrial effluents. The doped materials have also been explored to study the photocatalytic efficiency using a batch reactor to remove methylene blue dye from the textile synthetic wastewater in the presence of visible light radiations at 668 nm, recording 87.50% of degradation efficiency.
- Subjects
DIELECTRIC properties; INDUSTRIAL wastes; SEWAGE; VISIBLE spectra; ELECTRICAL resistivity; MICROWAVE heating; METHYLENE blue
- Publication
Desalination & Water Treatment, 2021, Vol 226, p431
- ISSN
1944-3994
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.5004/dwt.2021.27274