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- Title
Associations of premenstrual symptoms with daily rumination and perceived stress and the moderating effects of mindfulness facets on symptom cyclicity in premenstrual syndrome.
- Authors
Nayman, Sibel; Konstantinow, Desiree Tina; Schricker, Isabelle Florence; Reinhard, Iris; Kuehner, Christine
- Abstract
Subthreshold premenstrual symptoms can be impairing even if the diagnostic criteria for premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) are not reached. Previous research suggests shared psychological risk factors without a clear differentiation of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) from PMDD. This study focuses on a sample with a wide range of premenstrual symptoms not reaching PMDD-criteria and aims to investigate within-person associations of premenstrual symptoms with daily rumination and perceived stress during the late luteal phase as well as cycle-phase specific associations of habitual mindfulness including present-moment-awareness and acceptance with premenstrual symptoms and impairment. Fifty-six naturally cycling women with self-reported premenstrual symptoms completed an online diary on premenstrual symptoms, rumination and perceived stress over two consecutive menstrual cycles, and baseline questionnaires on habitual present-moment-awareness and acceptance. Multilevel analyses revealed cycle-related variations in premenstrual symptoms and impairment (all ps <.001). Higher within-person levels of core and secondary premenstrual symptoms during the late luteal phase predicted increased daily rumination and perceived stress (all ps <.001) and increased somatic symptoms predicted increased rumination (p ≤.018). Higher habitual present-moment-awareness was linked to lower premenstrual symptom and impairment levels toward the late luteal phase whereas higher habitual acceptance was associated with lower premenstrual functional impairment (p ≤.015). Premenstrual symptom increases during the late luteal phase in women with PMS seem to be linked to increased daily rumination and perceived stress. Trait present-moment-awareness and acceptance in turn seem to reflect protective factors against premenstrual distress and may represent useful targets for interventions.
- Subjects
MENSTRUAL cycle -- Psychological aspects; PSYCHOLOGICAL stress; PREVENTION of psychological stress; PREMENSTRUAL syndrome; MINDFULNESS; LUTEAL phase; FUNCTIONAL status; RISK assessment; DIARY (Literary form); QUESTIONNAIRES; DESCRIPTIVE statistics; RESEARCH funding; RUMINATION (Cognition)
- Publication
Archives of Women's Mental Health, 2023, Vol 26, Issue 2, p167
- ISSN
1434-1816
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s00737-023-01304-5