We found a match
Your institution may have access to this item. Find your institution then sign in to continue.
- Title
Deactivation and Regeneration of Sulfonated Carbon Catalysts in Hydrothermal Reaction Environments.
- Authors
Scholz, David; Kröcher, Oliver; Vogel, Frédéric
- Abstract
Abstract: The deactivation pathways of sulfonated carbon catalysts prepared from different carbons were studied during the aqueous‐phase hydrolysis of cellobiose under continuous‐flow conditions. The sulfonation of carbon materials with a low degree of graphitization introduced sulfonic acid groups that are partially stable even during prolonged exposure to harsh hydrothermal treatment conditions (180 °C). The physicochemical characterization of hydrothermally treated materials coupled with the treatment of model compounds for sulfonic acids demonstrated that the stability is related to the presence of activating and deactivating substituents on the aromatic system. Besides sulfonic acid group leaching, a hitherto unknown mode of deactivation was identified that proceeds by the ion exchange of cations contained in the aqueous feed and protons of the sulfonic acid groups. Proton leaching is a fully reversible mode of deactivation by the treatment of the spent catalysts with strong Brønsted acids. Through a combined approach of physicochemical characterization, catalytic testing, and hydrothermal treatment, a methodology for the preparation of catalytically stable carbon materials that bear sulfonic acid groups was established.
- Subjects
CATALYSTS; CHEMICAL reactions; HYDROLYSIS; CELLOBIOSE; SULFONATION; GRAPHITIZATION; CARBON
- Publication
ChemSusChem, 2018, Vol 11, Issue 13, p2189
- ISSN
1864-5631
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1002/cssc.201800678