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- Title
Characterisation of inorganic constitutions of condensate and solid residue generated from small-scale ex situ experiments in the context of underground coal gasification.
- Authors
Sadasivam, Sivachidambaram; Zagorščak, Renato; Thomas, Hywel Rhys; Kapusta, Krzysztof; Stańczyk, Krzysztof
- Abstract
This paper deals with the characterisation of inorganic constitutions generated at various operating conditions in the context of underground coal gasification (UCG). The ex situ small-scale experiments were conducted with coal specimens of different rank, from the South Wales Coalfield, Wales, UK, and Upper Silesian Coal Basin, Poland. The experiments were conducted at various gaseous oxidant ratios (water: oxygen = 1:1 and 2:1), pressures (20 bar and 36 bar) and temperatures (650°C, 750°C and 850°C). Increasing the amount of water in the oxidants proportionately decreased the cationic elements but increased the concentrations of anionic species. The temperature played minor impact, while the high-pressure experiments at temperature optimum to produce methane-rich syngas (750°C) showed significant reduction in cationic element generation. However, both coal specimens produced high amount of anionic species (F, Cl, SO4 and NO3). The "Hard" bituminous coal from Poland produced less gasification residues and condensates than the South Wales anthracitic coal due to its higher reactivity. The inorganic composition found in the solid residue was used in the theoretical calculation to predict the dissolved product concentrations when the solid residue interacts with deep coal seam water in the event of UCG cavity flooding. It was evident from the solubility products of the Cr, Ni and Zn that changes in the groundwater geochemistry occur; hence, their transportation in the subsurface must be studied further.
- Subjects
POLAND; WALES; SOUTH Wales; BITUMINOUS coal; COAL gasification; COAL basins; GEOCHEMISTRY; SYNTHESIS gas; OXYGEN in water
- Publication
Environmental Science & Pollution Research, 2022, Vol 29, Issue 2, p2203
- ISSN
0944-1344
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s11356-021-15780-8