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- Title
Implicit Attitudes Evoked by a Singular American Slur: Five Experiments on N***er and N***a in Samples of Black and White Americans.
- Authors
Hudson, Sa-kiera Tiarra Jolynn; Kurdi, Benedek; Lai, Calvin K.; Johnson, Julian; Banaji, Mahzarin R.
- Abstract
Five studies examined implicit (IAT) attitudes toward the slurs n***er and n***a among Black and White Americans (total N = 3,226). Both groups showed strong implicit negativity toward n***er/a combined relative to socially acceptable contrast terms such as Black or African American. Controlling for baseline Black-White race attitudes, Black Americans who engaged in conscious reappropriation exhibited similar implicit negativity toward n***er/a as White Americans. When the rhotic and non-rhotic forms were directly contrasted, n***er was more implicitly negative than n***a, with Black Americans distinguishing the two more strongly than did White Americans. However, even Black American reappropriators showed implicit negativity toward n***a relative to Black. In sum, both n***er and n***a evoke automatic negative meaning in a broad sample of Americans today. At the same time, the relatively more positive meaning of n***a over n***er demonstrates the power of reappropriation to wrest control of word meaning.
- Subjects
AFRICAN Americans; IMPLICIT attitudes; SEMANTICS; AMERICANS; RACIAL &; ethnic attitudes; DISCRIMINATORY language
- Publication
Social Cognition, 2024, Vol 42, Issue 3, p161
- ISSN
0278-016X
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1521/soco.2024.42.3.161