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- Title
Humoral and cellular immune responses to CoronaVac up to one year after vaccination .
- Authors
Costa, Priscilla Ramos; Argondizo Correia, Carolina; Prado Marmorato, Mariana; de Carvalho Dias, Juliana Zanatta; Vailant Thomazella, Mateus; Cabral da Silva, Amanda; Soares de Oliveira, Ana Carolina; Fagotti Gusmão, Arianne; Ferrari, Lilian; Carvalho Freitas, Angela; González Patiño, Elizabeth; Grifoni, Alba; Weiskopf, Daniela; Sette, Alessandro; Scharf, Rami; Kallás, Esper Georges; Terrassani Silveira, Cássia Gisele
- Abstract
Coronavac is a widely used SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine, but its long-term immune response assessment is still lacking. We evaluated SARS-CoV-2- specific immune responses, including T cell activation markers, antigenspecific cytokine production and antibody response following vaccination in 53 adult and elderly individuals participating in a phase 3 clinical trial. Activated follicular helper T (Tfh), non-Tfh and memory CD4+ T cells were detected in almost all subjects early after the first vaccine dose. Activated memory CD4+ T cells were predominantly of central and effector memory T cell phenotypes and were sustained for at least 6 months. We also detected a balanced Th1-, Th2- and Th17/Th22-type cytokine production that was associated with response over time, together with particular cytokine profile linked to poor responses in older vaccinees. SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG levels peaked 14 days after the second dose and were mostly stable over one year. CoronaVac was able to induce a potent and durable antiviral antigen-specific cellular response and the cytokine profiles related to the response over time and impacted by the senescence were defined.
- Subjects
HUMORAL immunity; COVID-19 vaccines; IMMUNOLOGIC memory; VACCINATION; OLDER people; CLINICAL trials; PSYCHONEUROIMMUNOLOGY
- Publication
Frontiers in Immunology, 2022, Vol 13, p1
- ISSN
1664-3224
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3389/fimmu.2022.1032411