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- Title
Replacing zinc oxide and copper sulfate in nursery pigs’ diets: impacts of different protein levels.
- Authors
Gómez Martínez, Juan E.; Trujillo Trujillo, Alejandro; Maya Ortega, Carlos A.; Cardozo Pascuas, Cristian J.; Chica Peláez, Javier D.
- Abstract
Background: zinc oxide and copper sulfate are common additives in nursery pig diets to promote growth and prevent diarrhea. However‚ environmental concerns and antimicrobial resistance necessitate alternatives. Objective: to determine the effect of the ZnO and CuSO4 replacement in diets with different protein levels on the gut health and growth performance of the Nursery pigs. Methods: the study‚ conducted at the Iluma ILabs validation center‚ used a randomized block design to examine the effects of six dietary treatments on nursery pigs‚ specifically their fecal excretion of zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu). The treatments involved two levels of protein‚ ZnO-CuSO4‚ and hydroxychloride (HC) Zn- Cu. A total of 1‚400 pigs participated‚ with measurements such as live weight‚ feed intake‚ and conditions recorded. Fecal consistency was assessed daily‚ and fecal samples were collected for bacterial and mineral analysis. Results: the treatments varied in their effects on live body weight‚ average daily gain‚ average daily feed intake‚ and feed conversion rate across three phases. The results showed variations in live body weight‚ ADG‚ and ADFI across the phases‚ with high protein and Zn and Cu HC‚ often leading to the highest measurements. FCR‚ representing the efficiency of feed conversion‚ varied less among the treatments‚ though treatment with high protein and ZnO and CuSO4 showed the highest FCR in Phase 1. The study observed varying levels of zinc and copper excretion in the feces of the nursery. The highest excretion rates for both minerals were seen with a low protein diet with ZnO and CuSO4. Conversely‚ the lowest levels were observed in the treatments without Zn and Cu addition. Conclusions: this study reveals that varying levels of protein‚ ZnO-CuSO4‚ and HC Zn- Cu in the diet of nursery pigs affected their growth performance and mineral excretion. High protein and HC Zn- Cu often resulted in greater body weight‚ ADG‚ and ADFI. Lower protein levels coupled with ZnO and CuSO4 additives resulted in the highest fecal excretion rates of zinc and copper. The findings suggest potential alternatives to traditional ZnO and CuSO4 additives in nursery pig diets.
- Subjects
COPPER sulfate; LOW-protein diet; FEED utilization efficiency; COPPER; SWINE
- Publication
Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Pecuarias, 2024, Vol 37, p97
- ISSN
0120-0690
- Publication type
Article