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- Title
Human pharmaceuticals in the marine environment: Focus on exposure and biological effects in animal species.
- Authors
Fabbri, Elena; Franzellitti, Silvia
- Abstract
Marine waters have been poorly investigated for the occurrence of pharmaceutical contamination. Recent data confirm that pharmaceuticals occur widely in marine and coastal environments; therefore, assessment of potential risk to marine species needs further efforts. The present study represents the first extensive review of pharmaceutical contamination in marine environments addressing the effects on the marine biota analyzed at the molecular, cellular, and individual levels. Because pharmaceuticals differ from conventional pollutants, being designed to interact with specific physiological pathways at low doses, the most recent evidence on modes of action and physiological alterations on marine animal species are discussed. Data on spatial distributions of pharmaceuticals in waters and sediments, as well as bioaccumulation rates, are also presented. The present review also seeks to expand knowledge of how the quality of coastal and marine environments could be efficiently monitored to anticipate possible health and environmental risks. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:799-812. © 2015 SETAC
- Subjects
DRUGS &; the environment; MARINE pollution research; MARINE animals; BIOMARKERS; BIOACCUMULATION
- Publication
Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry, 2016, Vol 35, Issue 4, p799
- ISSN
0730-7268
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1002/etc.3131