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- Title
Differential Induction of Interferon-Stimulated Genes by Cell-Based Versus Egg-Based Quadrivalent Influenza Vaccines in Children During the 2018–2019 Season.
- Authors
Martin, Judith M; Geffel, Krissy Moehling; Ortiz, Marianna A; Rajasundaram, Dhivyaa; Nowalk, Mary Patricia; Zimmerman, Richard K; Alcorn, John F
- Abstract
Background Cell-based quadrivalent-inactivated influenza vaccine has been shown to have higher vaccine effectiveness than traditional egg-based quadrivalent-inactivated influenza vaccine. This is observed despite similar levels of serum hemagglutinin antibodies induced by each vaccine. Methods In this study, we examine peripheral immune activation after egg-based or cell-based influenza vaccination in a clinical trial in children. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated, and ribonucleic acid was sequenced from 81 study participants (41 Fluzone, egg based and 40 Flucelvax, cell based) pre- and 7 days postvaccination. Seroconversion was assessed by hemagglutinin inhibition assay. Differential gene expression was determined and pathway analysis was conducted. Results Cell-based influenza vaccine induced greater interferon-stimulated and innate immune gene activation compared with egg-based influenza vaccine. Participants who seroconverted had increased interferon-signaling activation versus those who did not seroconvert. Conclusions These data suggest that cell-based influenza vaccine stimulates immune activation differently from egg-based influenza vaccine, shedding light on reported differences in vaccine effectiveness.
- Subjects
INFLUENZA vaccines; VACCINATION of children; MONONUCLEAR leukocytes; VIRAL shedding; SEROCONVERSION; VACCINE effectiveness; GENETIC regulation
- Publication
Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2024, Vol 229, Issue 5, p1393
- ISSN
0022-1899
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1093/infdis/jiad380