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- Title
Rhombencephalitis: pictorial essay.
- Authors
Gonçalves Campos, Líllian; Reis Trindade, Régis Augusto; Faistauer, Ângela; Pérez, Juliano Adams; Modesti Vedolin, Leonardo; Duarte, Juliana Ávila
- Abstract
The term rhombencephalitis refers to inflammatory diseases affecting the hindbrain (brainstem and cerebellum). Rhombencephalitis has a wide variety of etiologies, including infections, autoimmune diseases, and paraneoplastic syndromes. Infection with bacteria of the genus Listeria is the most common cause of rhombencephalitis. Primary rhombencephalitis caused by infection with Listeria spp. occurs in healthy young adults. It usually has a biphasic time course with a flu-like syndrome, followed by brainstem dysfunction; 75% of patients have cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis, and nearly 100% have an abnormal brain magnetic resonance imaging scan. However, other possible causes of rhombencephalitis must be borne in mind. In addition to the clinical aspects, the patterns seen in magnetic resonance imaging can be helpful in defining the possible cause. Some of the reported causes of rhombencephalitis are potentially severe and life threatening; therefore, an accurate initial diagnostic approach is important to establishing a proper early treatment regimen. This pictorial essay reviews the various causes of rhombencephalitis and the corresponding magnetic resonance imaging findings, by describing illustrative confirmed cases.
- Subjects
RHOMBENCEPHALON; ENCEPHALITIS; MAGNETIC resonance imaging
- Publication
Radiologia Brasileira, 2016, Vol 49, Issue 5, p329
- ISSN
0100-3984
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1590/0100-3984.2015.0189