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- Title
Phylogeny and life-history evolution in Carabus (subtribe Carabina: Coleoptera, Carabidae) based on sequences of two nuclear genes.
- Authors
Sota, Teiji; Ishikawa, Ryosuke
- Abstract
We reconstructed the phylogeny of the holarctic carabid subtribe Carabina (= Carabus s. l.; Coleoptera, family Carabidae, supertribe Carabitae, tribe Carabini) using sequence data from two nuclear DNA loci: wingless ( Wg) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase ( PepCK). The analysis of the combined data resulted in a well-resolved tree, although Wg and PepCK had partially conflicting phylogenetic signals. The tree topology did not support the reciprocal monophyly of some previously proposed major divisions, whereas all but one of eight other previously proposed subdivisions were recovered as monophyletic clades; the exception was paraphyletic. When two key life-history traits, seasonal life cycle and larval diet, were mapped onto the combined tree, spring breeding (with no larval overwintering) and insectivorous were ancestral traits. Malacophagy has apparently evolved at least twice: once in a small basal group (ten species) and again in a large derived group ( c. 340 species) that accounts for 42% of the species of Carabina. A third type of larva, earthworm feeders, appeared in two related, derived clades and represented moderate species diversity (12%). From the ancestral spring-breeder type with no larval overwintering, autumn-breeder types with larval overwintering apparently evolved repeatedly in insectivorous and malacophagous species, but not in earthworm feeders. Therefore, the extant diversity of the Carabina depends on the high rate of differentiation in the most derived group of malacophagous species. © 2004 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2004, 81, 135–149.
- Subjects
CARABUS; NUCLEOTIDE sequence; PHYLOGENY; BIOLOGICAL evolution; ANIMAL genetics
- Publication
Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2004, Vol 81, Issue 1, p135
- ISSN
0024-4066
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1111/j.1095-8312.2004.00277.x