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- Title
A Comparative Review of Different Salivary Biomarkers Detection by Electrochemical Biosensor in the Diagnosis and Monitoring of Periodontal Diseases.
- Authors
Nam, Noor Akmar; Tukimin, Siti Nurainie; Mohd Hanafiah, Muhammad Khairin; Ramli, Haslinda; Abdul Rahman, Muhammad Ghazali
- Abstract
Introduction: Currently there is an emerging trend of using electrochemical biosensors for medical and dental application especially for diagnosis and monitoring disease progression. Coupled with non-invasive sampling procedure using patients’ saliva samples, electrochemical biosensor has the potential to serve as point-of-care (POC) test device. With regards to dental perspective, there are several studies of which electrochemical biosensors have been used to detect salivary biomarkers in periodontal diseases. However, the types of biomarkers, feasibility of biomarker detection and their detection limit using these biosensors have not been compared. This study aimed to compare different types of salivary biomarker that have been used with electrochemical biosensor for diagnosis and monitoring of periodontal diseases. Methods: A systematic literature search was performed in seven public databases; Pubmed, Science Direct, Scopus, Wiley, SAGE, Web of Science and Google Scholar Search was carried out without any restriction on date of publication however restricted to original research that developed electrochemical biosensor using salivary biomarkers for diagnosis and management of periodontal disease. Results: Literature search resulted in 36 studies that describes various types of electrochemical biosensors capable of detecting specific salivary biomarker(s) associated with periodontal diseases such as gingivitis and periodontitis. Each biosensors have different detection mechanisms and varies in detection limit of biomarkers. Proteins associated with inflammatory conditions for example interleukins, tumour necrosis factor (TNFα) and matrix metalloproteins (MMPs) are the most common biomarkers detected, followed by enzymes such as salivary alpha amylase (sAA). Conclusion: Based on our cumulative findings, the most common salivary biomarkers detected using electrochemical biosensors are the inflammatory associated proteins. Other types of biomarkers are enzymes and oxidative markers such as glutathione and hydrogen peroxide. Each of these biomarkers are selected due to their association with various pathological process occurring during the disease progression and reflect the current patients’ condition.
- Subjects
PERIODONTAL disease; BIOMARKERS; BIOSENSORS; SAMPLING (Process); DIAGNOSIS; PERIODONTITIS; GLUCOSE-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency
- Publication
Malaysian Journal of Medicine & Health Sciences, 2024, Vol 20, p27
- ISSN
1675-8544
- Publication type
Article