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- Title
Effects of Short- and Long-Term Aerobic-Strength Training and Determinants of Walking Speed in the Elderly.
- Authors
Slobodová, Lucia; Oreská, Ľudmila; Schön, Martin; Krumpolec, Patrik; Tirpáková, Veronika; Jurina, Peter; Laurovič, Jakub; Vajda, Matej; Nemec, Michal; Hečková, Eva; Šoóšová, Ivana; Cvečka, Ján; Hamar, Dušan; Turčáni, Peter; Tsai, Chia-Liang; Bogner, Wolfgang; Sedliak, Milan; Krššák, Martin; Ukropec, Jozef; Ukropcová, Barbara
- Abstract
Background/Aims: Walking speed (WS) is an objective measure of physical capacity and a modifiable risk factor of morbidity and mortality in the elderly. In this study, we (i) determined effects of 3-month supervised aerobic-strength training on WS, muscle strength, and habitual physical activity; (ii) evaluated capacity of long-term (21 months) training to sustain higher WS; and (iii) identified determinants of WS in the elderly. Methods: Volunteers (F 48/M 14, 68.4 ± 7.1 years) completed either 3-month aerobic-strength (3 × 1 h/week, n = 48) or stretching (active control, n = 14) intervention (study A). Thirty-one individuals (F 24/M 7) from study A continued in supervised aerobic-strength training (2 × 1 h/week, 21 months) and 6 (F 5/M 1) became nonexercising controls. Results: Three-month aerobic-strength training increased preferred and maximal WS (10-m walk test, p < 0.01), muscle strength (p < 0.01) and torque (p < 0.01) at knee extension, and 24-h habitual physical activity (p < 0.001), while stretching increased only preferred WS (p < 0.03). Effect of training on maximal WS was most prominent in individuals with baseline WS between 1.85 and 2.30 m·s−1. Maximal WS measured before intervention correlated negatively with age (r = −0.339, p = 0.007), but this correlation was weakened by the intervention (r = −0.238, p = 0.06). WS progressively increased within the first 9 months of aerobic-strength training (p < 0.001) and remained elevated during 21-month intervention (p < 0.01). Cerebellar gray matter volume (MRI) was positively associated with maximal (r = 0.54; p < 0.0001) but not preferred WS and explained >26% of its variability, while age had only minor effect. Conclusions: Supervised aerobic-strength training increased WS, strength, and dynamics of voluntary knee extension as well as habitual physical activity in older individuals. Favorable changes in WS were sustainable over the 21-month period by a lower dose of aerobic-strength training. Training effects on WS were not limited by age, and cerebellar cortex volume was the key determinant of WS.
- Subjects
STRENGTH training; WALKING speed; OLDER people; MUSCLE strength; GRAY matter (Nerve tissue); CEREBELLAR cortex
- Publication
Gerontology, 2022, Vol 68, Issue 2, p151
- ISSN
0304-324X
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1159/000515325