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- Title
Synthesis and Characterization of Phenol Formaldehyde Novolac Resin Derived from Liquefied Mountain Pine Beetle Infested Lodgepole Pine Barks.
- Authors
Zhao, Yong; Zhang, Boya; Yan, Ning; Farnood, Ramin. R.
- Abstract
In this study, mountain pine beetle (MPB, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) infested lodgepole pine ( Pinus contorta Dougl.) barks are liquefied in phenol using either sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid as the catalyst and two types of bark-based phenol-formaldehyde novolac resins, namely liquefied bark-novolac resin S and liquefied bark-novolac resin C are synthesized using the liquefied bark fractions. Compared to using hydrochloric acid in bark liquefaction, sulfuric acid catalyzed bark liquefaction reveals a higher liquefaction yield with a lower free phenol content and a higher molecular weight in the liquefied bark fraction. Liquefied bark-novolac resins are found to have higher molecular weights, higher curing activation energies, and faster curing rates than the lab-made control resins without bark components. The uncured liquefied bark-novolac resins have higher thermal stability than the uncured lab-made control resins. After curing with hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA), liquefied bark-novolac resins show a similar post-cured thermal stability to the lab-made control resins. The findings suggest that the liquefied barks from MPB infested lodgepole pine are suitable for synthesizing novolac resins.
- Subjects
PHENOL; PHENOL synthesis; FORMALDEHYDE spectra; GUMS &; resins; BLACK pine bark beetle; LODGEPOLE pine diseases &; pests; SPECTRUM analysis
- Publication
Macromolecular Reaction Engineering, 2013, Vol 7, Issue 11, p646
- ISSN
1862-832X
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1002/mren.201300112