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- Title
Evaluation of CHI3L-1 and CHIT-1 Expression in Differentiated and Polarized Macrophages.
- Authors
Rosa, Michelino; Malaguarnera, Giulia; Gregorio, Corinne; Drago, Filippo; Malaguarnera, Lucia
- Abstract
Chitinase 3-like protein 1 (CHI3L-1) and chitotriosidase (CHIT-1) are members of the chitinase family. CHI3L-1 is a newly recognized protein that is secreted by activated macrophages and neutrophils and expressed in a broad spectrum of inflammatory conditions and cancers. In human plasma, CHIT-1 activity has been proposed as a biochemical marker of macrophage activation. Although CHI3L-1 expression in inflammation is under examination, little is known regarding its regulation during macrophages' full maturation and polarization. In this study, we compared CHI3L-1 and CHIT-1 modulation during monocyte to macrophage transition and polarization. Gene expression analysis was investigated by real-time PCR. We found that during the maturation of monocytes into macrophages, the expression of both CHI3L-1 and CHIT-1 increased exponentially over time. Additionally, we observed a different regulation of CHI3L-1 and CHIT-1 in undifferentiated monocytes under stimulation with lipopolysaccharide, interferon-γ, and interleukin-4, at the same concentration used to polarize macrophages. Our finding suggests that in the immune response, the role of CHI3L-1 and CHIT-1 is not restricted to innate immunity, but they are also protagonists in acquired immunity.
- Subjects
GENE expression; CELL differentiation; CHITINASE; INFLAMMATION; GENETIC regulation; INTERLEUKIN-4; IMMUNITY
- Publication
Inflammation, 2013, Vol 36, Issue 2, p482
- ISSN
0360-3997
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s10753-012-9569-8